Zonke izimoto kufanele zifakwe amalambu akhombisa indlela ahamba ngayo.Ukusebenza okulungile kwezinkomba zokuqondisa kunikezwa ama-interrupter relay akhethekile - funda konke mayelana nalawa madivayisi, izinhlobo zawo, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha nokushintshwa, kulesi sihloko.
Iyini i-turn relay?
I-Turn relay (i-turn indicator interrupter relay, i-current breaker) iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi noma sikagesi esiklanyelwe ukuvala nokuvula isiyingi sezinkomba zendlela yokukhanya kwemoto ukuze kukhiqizwe isignali yesikhashana ukuze ixwayise ngemoto eyenza ukuqondisa okuthile.
Le divayisi inemisebenzi emine eyinhloko:
• Ukwakhiwa kwesiginali yesikhashana yezibani zezinkomba ohlangothini olulodwa lwemoto (ngakwesokudla noma kwesokunxele) lapho wenza iziqondiso ezihambisanayo;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwesiginali yesikhashana yazo zonke izibani zezinkomba lapho i-alamu icushiwe;
• Ukwakhiwa kwesiginali yesikhashana yesibani sokulawula esihambisanayo kudeshibhodi;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwesignali yomsindo ekhalayo eyazisa umshayeli ngezikhombisi ezivuliwe.
Isiphazamisi esidluliswayo siqukethe amasekhethi kagesi amathathu: amasekhethi amasignali aphendukayo amabili kwesokudla nesobunxele semoto, kanye nesekhethi ye-alamu eyodwa (okuhlanganisa izinkomba zendlela ezinhlangothini zombili zemoto).Ukuze uvule i-alamu yokukhanya, i-relay ixhunywe kumjikelezo ohambisanayo kusetshenziswa i-paddle shifter.Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kufakwa i-turn relay eyodwa kuphela ezimotweni.
Imithetho yamanje yomgwaqo kanye nezindinganiso isungula ukuthi zonke izimoto eziqhutshwa endaweni yeRussian Federation kufanele zifakwe izinkomba zokuqondisa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwale alamu kuyimpoqo lapho kwenziwa noma yikuphi ukuqondisa.Uma i-alamu yokukhanya ingasebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle, ngokuvamile ukulungiswa kwehliselwa esikhundleni esilula sokudluliswa kwesiphazamisi sesiginali.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga nokushintsha ama-relay, udinga ukuqonda izinhlobo zalawa madivaysi akhona namuhla, ukwakheka kwawo nezici.
Ukuhlukaniswa, idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kokudluliselwa kokuzungeza
Ezimotweni, ogandaganda nezinye izinto zokusebenza, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokudlulisela zisetshenziswa:
• I-Electromagnetothermal;
• I-elekthronikhi.
Amadivayisi alezi zinhlobo ahluke ezimisweni zomzimba zokusebenza ezibekwe kuzo futhi, ngokufanele, ukuklama.
Izinqamuli zamanje ze-Electromagnetothermal.Lawa ama-turn relays we-design endala, asetshenziswe ezimotweni amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, kodwa ngenxa yedivayisi elula nokuthembeka, abakakalahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwabo.
Isisekelo sale divayisi siwumgogodla we-electromagnetic onekhoyili namahange amabili ensimbi anamaqembu okuxhumana.Ihange elilodwa lidonswa kude lapho lithintana khona nentambo encane ye-nichrome (insimbi enokumelana okuphezulu kanye ne-coefficient ephezulu yokwandisa okushisayo), ihange lesibili libanjwa kude ukusuka ekuthinteni kwalo ipuleti lethusi elishisayo.Lolu hlobo lwe-relay lusebenza kalula.Lapho izinkomba zokuqondisa zivuliwe, i-current idlula i-core winding, intambo ye-nichrome kanye ne-resistor, ukumelana kwalesi sifunda kuphezulu, ngakho-ke izibani zikhanya isigamu-ukukhanya.Esikhathini esifushane, intambo iyashisa futhi inweba ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo - i-armature ikhangwa ukuxhumana kwayo futhi ivale isifunda - kulokhu, okwamanje kugeleza kuzungeze intambo kanye ne-resistor, izibani zezinkomba zokuqondisa zikhanya nge-incadescence egcwele. .Intambo ekhishwe amandla ipholiswa ngokushesha, ifinyezwe futhi idonse i-armature ekuthinteni - isifunda siphukile, okwamanje igeleza ngentambo futhi inqubo iphinda.
Ngesikhathi sokuvala othintana nabo, i-current enkulu igeleza phakathi kwe-electromagnetic core, insimu yamagnetic yakhiwe nxazonke, eheha i-armature yesibili - iqembu lesibili labathintana nabo livala, elivula isibani kudeshibhodi.Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenza kwezinkomba zokuqondisa kuphindwa ngokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kwesibani kudeshibhodi.Izinqubo ezichazwe zingenzeka ngemvamisa yezikhathi ezingama-60-120 ngomzuzu (okungukuthi, umjikelezo ngamunye wokushisa nokupholisa intambo kuthatha kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1 isekhondi).
Umklamo we-electromagnetothermal relay
Ama-relay e-electromagnetothermal ngokuvamile afakwa kukesi lensimbi eyicylindrical enezikulufu noma izixhumi zommese, angafakwa endaweni yenjini noma ngaphansi kwedeshibhodi.
Electronic turn breakers.Lezi yizisetshenziswa zesimanje ezisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha.Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-relay electronic:
• Nge-electromagnetic relay yokuxhuma umthwalo (vula amalambu esignali);
• Ngokhiye we-elekthronikhi ukuxhuma umthwalo.
Esimweni sokuqala, i-turn relay iqukethe amabhulokhi amabili asebenzayo - i-relay elula ye-electromagnetic kanye nokhiye we-electronic kudivayisi ye-semiconductor (ku-transistor noma i-microcircuit).Ukhiye we-elekthronikhi usebenza njengejeneretha yewashi, okuthi, ngefrikhwensi enqunywe kusengaphambili, inikeze amandla amanje ekusongelweni kwe-electromagnetic relay, kanye nokuxhumana okudluliswayo, ukuvala nokuvuleka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkomba zendlela ziyavulwa futhi zivaliwe.
Esimweni sesibili, esikhundleni se-relay ye-electromagnetic, kusetshenziswa ukhiye we-elekthronikhi ku-transistor enamandla amakhulu, ohlinzeka ngokuxhumeka nokunqanyulwa kwezinkomba zokuqondisa ngemvamisa edingekayo.
Amalayidi e-elekthronikhi ngokuvamile afakwa kumakesi epulasitiki ajwayelekile axhumene nombese, ngokuvamile afakwa ebhokisini elidluliswayo kanye ne-fuse, kancane kancane ngaphansi kwedeshibhodi noma endaweni yenjini.
Imibuzo yokuthenga okulungile nokushintshwa kwe-turn relay
I-relay engasebenzi kahle ingenye yezinkinga ezivamile zesistimu kagesi yezimoto, futhi nakuba imithetho yomgwaqo ingavimbeli ukusebenza kwemoto enezinkomba ezingalungile (njengoba izimpawu zinganikezwa ngesandla), le ngxenye kufanele ishintshwe. ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuphuka.Ukuze ufake esikhundleni, udinga ukukhetha i-relay yohlobo olufanayo nemodeli efakwe ngaphambili emotweni.Kodwa-ke, namuhla kunama-analogue amaningi okudluliselwa okuvame kakhulu emakethe, futhi phakathi kwabo ungakhetha idivayisi efanele.Ukuze ukhethe okulungile, udinga ukucabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
• I-voltage yokuhlinzeka - i-relay kufanele ihambisane nokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi wenethiwekhi yemoto (12 noma 24 volts);
• Inombolo nendawo yoxhumana nabo (i-pinout) - i-relay kufanele iwele endaweni ebhokisini le-relay ne-fuse noma kusixhumi esihlukile ngaphandle kokulungiswa;
• Ubukhulu bekesi - i-relay akufanele idlule izilinganiso zebhokisi elidluliswayo namafuse (yize kukhona okuhlukile lapha).
Ukudluliselwa kwesimanje kulula ukushintsha - udinga ukuvula i-relay kanye nebhokisi le-fuse, susa i-relay endala, uma kunesidingo, hlanza isixhumi sikagesi (susa ukungcola nothuli), bese ufaka i-relay entsha.Izinqamuli ze-electromagnetothermal ezinezixhumi zesikulufa zidinga ukukhwabanisa okwengeziwe: udinga ukukhulula amantongomane e-relay endala, susa izintambo futhi uzilungise ku-relay entsha.Kulokhu, i-relay ngokwayo ivame ukufakwa emzimbeni kusetshenziswa ubakaki nebhawodi.Kwezinye izimo, ukudluliswa kwe-electromagnetothermal kuvumela ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa yokuphazamiseka kwamanje - kulokhu, idivayisi kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ilungiswe ngokuphendula isikulufu esidonsa intambo ye-nichrome.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokufakwa, i-relay izoqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yethrafikhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-18-2023