Ukudluliswa nokushintshwa kwe-torque ku-gearbox kwenziwa ngamagiya anobubanzi obuhlukahlukene.Amagiya ka-gearbox ahlanganiswe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-blocks - funda ngamabhulokhi egiya lamabhokisi, ukwakheka kwawo nokusebenza kwawo, kanye nokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwawo, esihlokweni.
Inhloso yamabhuloki egiya nendawo yawo ku-gearbox
Naphezu kokwanda kokusabalala kwama-othomathikhi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-manual (noma ngesandla) akulahlekelwa ukuthandwa nokuhambisana kwakho.Isizathu salokhu silula - ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kulula ekwakhiweni, kuthembekile futhi kunikeza amathuba amaningi okushayela.Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhokisi ayimishini kulula ukuwalungisa nokuwanakekela.
Njengoba wazi, ekudlulisweni kwezandla, ama-shaft anamagiya amadayamitha ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukushintsha i-torque, engahlanganyela nomunye nomunye.Lapho ushintsha amagiya, igiya elilodwa noma elinye liyahlanganyela, futhi kuye ngokuthi isilinganiso sama-diameters (kanye nenani lamazinyo), i-torque efika kuma-axles emoto iyashintsha.Isibalo samapheya amagiya ku-gearbox wezimoto namaloli ashintshwayo singasuka kwamane (kuma-gearbox ama-3-speed amadala) siye kwayisikhombisa (kuma-gearbox angu-6-speed yesimanje), kanti elinye lamapheya lisetshenziselwa ukufaka igiya elihlehlayo.Emabhokisini ogandaganda nemishini ehlukahlukene yemishini ekhethekile, inani lamapheya amagiya lingafinyelela kweshumi nambili noma ngaphezulu.
Amagiya asebhokisini atholakala ku-shafts (ngokukhululekile noma ngokuqinile, lokhu kuchazwe ngezansi), futhi ukwandisa ukuthembeka nokwenza lula ukuklama, amanye amagiya ahlanganiswa abe isakhiwo esisodwa - ibhulokhi lamagiya.
Ibhulokhi yegiya le-gearbox iyisiqephu esisodwa samagiya angu-2 noma ngaphezulu azungeza ngesivinini esifanayo se-angular ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhokisi.Ukuhlanganisa amagiya abe amabhlogo kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:
- Ukwenza lula ukwakheka kwebhokisi ngokuncipha kwenani lezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe.Njengoba igiya elilodwa lidinga ukuhlinzeka ngezibophelelo zalo kanye nokushayela, ukuhlanganisa ibhulokhi kwenza izingxenye ezihlukene zegiya ngalinye kungenasidingo;
- Ukwenza ngcono ukwenziwa kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zama-gearbox;
- Ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokudluliswa (futhi ngokunciphisa izingxenye kanye nokwenza lula ukuklama).
Kodwa-ke, amabhulokhi egiya ane-drawback eyodwa: uma elinye lamagiya liphuka, kufanele ushintshe lonke ibhulokhi.Yiqiniso, lokhu kwandisa izindleko zokulungiswa, kodwa isisombululo esinjalo sikhokha izikhathi eziningi ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngenhla.
Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izinhlobo ezikhona nezici zedizayini zamabhulokhi amagiya okuhambisa ngesandla.
Izinhlobo nezici zokuklama zamabhulokhi egiya
Amabhulokhi amagiya angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ngokuya ngokusebenza nenjongo:
- Amabhulokhi egiya leshaft eliphakathi;
- Amabhulokhi amagiya ashayelwa (esibili);
- Reverse gear blocks.
Kulokhu, i-drive (eyinhloko) shaft ivame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo negiya, ukuze ibhulokhi yegiya ehlukile ingagqami kuyo.
Amashafu aphakathi kwe-KP angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwamabhulokhi wegiya:
- Amagiya aqinile - kanye ne-shaft yakha yonke into eyodwa;
- I-Typesetting - amabhulokhi wegiya kanye ne-shaft yizingxenye ezizimele, ezihlanganiswe esakhiweni esisodwa.
Esimweni sokuqala, i-shaft namagiya zenziwe nge-workpiece efanayo, ngakho-ke ziyingxenye eyodwa engenakuhlukaniswa.Ama-shafts anjalo avame kakhulu, njengoba anomklamo olula kanye nenani eliphansi.Esimweni sesibili, isakhiwo sihlanganiswa kusuka ku-shaft kanye namabhulokhi wegiya amabili noma amathathu noma ngaphezulu agxilwe kuwo.Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, amabhulokhi egiya ku-countershaft azungeza wonke.
Ama-shaft aqhutshwayo (okwesibili) ahlelwa kuphela, futhi amabhulokhi wegiya angajikeleza ngokukhululekile ku-shaft - alungiswa ngosizo lokuhlanganisa kuphela ngesikhathi sokushintsha igiya elithile.Ngenxa yezici zokuklama zokudlulisa ngesandla, amabhulokhi we-shaft ashayelwa awaqukethe amagiya angaphezu kwama-2, futhi ngokuvamile lawa amagiya amagiya aseduze.Ngokwesibonelo, amagiya 1st kanye 2nd, 3rd kanye 4th amagiya, kanye 2nd futhi 3rd amagiya (uma igiya 1st igiya itholakala ngokwehlukana), njll, ingahlanganiswa ibe amabhlogo.Ngasikhathi sinye, emotweni ye-5-speed manual transmissions, igiya lesiteji sesi-5 lenziwa ngokuhlukana, njengoba igiya lesi-4 livame ukuqondile futhi lapho livuliwe, i-shaft ephakathi "ivaliwe" kusukela ku-gearbox (in. kuleli cala, ukugeleza kwe-torque kuvela ngokuqondile ku-drive shaft esigqileni).
Amagiya ahlehlayo ahlala equkethe amagiya amabili kuphela, elilodwa lawo lihambisana ne-countershaft ethize kanye nelesibili elinegiya lesibili le-shaft.Njengomphumela walokhu kuxhumana, ukugeleza kwe-torque kuguqulwa futhi imoto ingahlehliswa.
Wonke amabhulokhi egiya le-gearbox anomklamo ofanayo ngokuyisisekelo - akhiwe ngomshini we-billet yensimbi eyodwa, futhi kwezinye izimo kuphela anezici ezengeziwe zokubopha ku-shaft noma ukuhlanganisa ama-couplings, kanye nokufaka ama-bearings.U-gearbox usebenzisa womabili amagiya e-helical kanye namagiya ajwayelekile e-spur.Emabhokisini anamuhla, amagiya e-helical asetshenziswa kaningi, okudala izinga eliphansi lomsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Kodwa-ke, amagiya ahlehlayo ajwayele ukwenziwa nge-spur, njengoba esebenza ngesivinini esiphansi futhi izinga lomsindo alibalulekile kuwo.Kumshini oshintshwayo wesitayela sakudala, wonke noma cishe wonke amagiya ayi-spur.
Amabhulokhi amagiya enziwe ngamabanga athile ensimbi, njengoba ehlangabezana nemithwalo emikhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Futhi, ngokwesakhiwo, amabhulokhi egiya ayizingxenye ezinkulu nezinkulu ezimelana ngempumelelo nokushaqeka nokunye okuwumshini, kanye nemithwalo eshisayo.Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, amabhlogo wegiya adinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukushintshwa.
Izinkinga zokukhanda nokushintshwa kwamabhulokhi egiya
Amabhulokhi amagiya asebenza ezimeni ezinzima, ngakho-ke ukungasebenzi okuhlukahlukene kungenzeka kuwo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Okokuqala, amagiya abonakala ngokugqoka kwamazinyo, okuyinto, ngokuyisisekelo, ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa.Ngokusebenza kahle kwemoto, ukuguga kwamabhulokhi wegiya akunamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke angasebenza amashumi eminyaka, futhi ukushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye ngenxa yokugqoka akuvamile ukuthi kudingeke.
Imvamisa, isizathu sokushintsha amagiya ukuwohloka kwawo, ukuqhekeka, ukuphuka nokugedla kwamazinyo, noma ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele (okuvame ukwenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa ibhokisi legiya elinamazinyo ashwabene).Konke lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kubonakala ngokwanda komsindo we-gearbox, ukuvela kwemisindo engaphandle, ukugaya noma ukugoqa ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokufaka, kanye nokusebenza kabi kwebhokisi legiya elilodwa noma ngaphezulu.Kuzona zonke lezi zimo kufanele kulungiswe u-gearbox kufakwe ne-block.Ngeke sicabangele inqubo yokwenza ukulungiswa lapha, ngoba kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nemodeli yebhokisi, incazelo egcwele ingatholakala emiyalweni yokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemoto.
Ukuze unwebe impilo yesevisi yamabhulokhi wegiya kanye nebhokisi lonke, ukugcinwa okujwayelekile kokudluliselwa kufanele kwenziwe, kanye nokusebenzisa imoto ngokucophelela nangokufanele - vula futhi uvale amagiya ngendlela efanele, shayela ngesivinini esifanelekile sezimo zamanje, njll. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2023