Kunoma iyiphi iyunithi yamandla yesimanje, kukhona njalo inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft, ngesisekelo okwakhiwa ngayo amasistimu wokujova nokujova uphethiloli.Funda konke mayelana nezinzwa zokuma kwe-crankshaft, izinhlobo zazo, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalawa madivayisi esihlokweni.
Inhloso nendawo yenzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft enjinini
Inzwa yesikhundla se-Crankshaft (i-DPKV, inzwa yokuvumelanisa, inzwa yokuqalisa ireferensi) - ingxenye yesistimu yokulawula i-elekthronikhi yenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo;Inzwa eqapha izici zokusebenza ze-crankshaft (indawo, isivinini), futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza kwamasistimu amakhulu eyunithi yamandla (ukuthungela, amandla, ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi, njll.).
Izinjini zanamuhla ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zazo zonke izinhlobo ingxenye enkulu zifakwe izinhlelo zokulawula zikagesi, ezithatha ngokugcwele ukusebenza kweyunithi kuzo zonke izindlela.Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinjalo ihlala izinzwa - amadivaysi akhethekile alandelela izici ezithile zemoto, futhi adlulisele idatha ku-electronic control unit (ECU).Ezinye izinzwa zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla, okuhlanganisa inzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft.
I-DPKV ikala ipharamitha eyodwa - ukuma kwe-crankshaft endaweni ngayinye ngesikhathi.Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe, isivinini se-shaft kanye ne-angular velocity yayo kunqunywa.Ithola lolu lwazi, i-ECU ixazulula imisebenzi eminingi:
● Ukunqunywa komzuzu we-TDC (noma i-TDC) wamapiston wamasilinda okuqala kanye/noma wesine;
● Ukulawulwa kwesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli - ukunqunywa komzuzu womjovo kanye nobude besikhathi sokujova;
● Ukulawulwa kwesistimu yokubasa - ukunqunywa kwesikhathi sokuvutha kusilinda ngayinye;
● Ukulawulwa kwesistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo;
● Ukulawulwa kokusebenza kwezingxenye zohlelo lokubuyisa umhwamuko kaphethiloli;
● Ukulawula nokulungiswa kokusebenza kwamanye amasistimu ahlobene nenjini.
Ngakho-ke, i-DPKV iqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kweyunithi yamandla, inquma ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zayo ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukuthungela (kuphela ezinjini zikaphethiloli) nomjovo kaphethiloli (kuma-injection nezinjini zikadizili).Futhi, inzwa yabonakala ilungele ukulawula ezinye izinhlelo zemoto, ukusebenza kwayo okuvunyelaniswe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile nendawo kanye nesivinini se-shaft.Inzwa engalungile ingaphazamisa ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwenjini, ngakho-ke kufanele ishintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-DPKV entsha, udinga ukuqonda izinhlobo zalawa madivayisi, ukwakheka kwawo nokusebenza kwawo.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-DPKV
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni nomklamo, izinzwa zesikhundla se-crankshaft zinezingxenye ezimbili:
● Inzwa yokuma;
● I-master disk (sync disk, sync disk).
I-DPKV ifakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki noma se-aluminium, esifakwe kubakaki eduze kwe-master disk.Inzwa inesixhumi esijwayelekile sikagesi sokuxhuma ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto, isixhumi singatholakala kokubili emzimbeni wezinzwa nakukhebula laso lobude obufushane.Inzwa igxilwe ku-injini block noma kubakaki ekhethekile, itholakala ngokuphambene master disc futhi inqubo ukusebenza ibala amazinyo ayo.
Inzwa yesikhundla se-Crankshaft ezinjini ezahlukene
I-master disc i-pulley noma isondo, eduze kwendawo lapho kukhona amazinyo ephrofayili yesikwele.I-disc iqiniswe ngokuqinile ku-crankshaft pulley noma ngokuqondile ozwaneni bayo, okuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwazo zombili izingxenye nge-frequency efanayo.
Ukusebenza kwenzwa kungase kusekelwe ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba kanye nemiphumela, okusakazeke kakhulu amadivayisi ezinhlobo ezintathu:
● I-inductive (noma kazibuthe);
● Ngokusekelwe kumphumela weHholo;
● I-Optical (ukukhanya).
Ngayinye yezinhlobo zezinzwa inezici zayo zokuklama kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.
I-Inductive (magnetic) DPKV.Enhliziyweni yedivayisi kukhona indikimba kazibuthe ebekwe endaweni ejikajikayo (ikhoyili).Ukusebenza kwenzwa kususelwa kumphumela wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.Ekuphumuleni, inkambu kazibuthe ku-sensor ayishintshi futhi akukho okwamanje ekujikeni kwayo.Lapho izinyo lensimbi le-master disk lidlula eduze kwenkango kazibuthe, inkambu kazibuthe ezungeze umnyombo ishintsha kungazelelwe, okuholela ekungenisweni kwamanje ekujikeni.Lapho i-disc ijikeleza, i-alternating current ye-frequency ethile ivela ekuphumeni kwenzwa, esetshenziswa yi-ECU ukuze inqume isivinini se-crankshaft nendawo yayo.
Lona umklamo olula wezinzwa, usetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinjini.Inzuzo yamadivayisi alolu hlobo ukusebenza kwawo ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwamandla - lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuwaxhuma nge-pair eyodwa yezintambo ngqo kuyunithi yokulawula.
Inzwa yomphumela wehholo.Inzwa isekelwe kumphumela owatholwa isazi sesayensi yemvelo saseMelika u-Edwin Hall cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenye edlule: lapho ugesi udlula ezinhlangothini ezimbili eziphambene zepuleti lensimbi elincanyana elibekwe endaweni engaguquki kazibuthe, i-voltage ivela kwezinye izinhlangothi zayo ezimbili.Izinzwa zesimanje zalolu hlobo zakhiwe kuma-chips eHholo akhethekile abekwe ekesini elinama-core magnetic, futhi ama-master disks awo anamazinyo azibuthe.Inzwa isebenza kalula: ekuphumuleni, kukhona i-voltage engu-zero ekuphumeni kwenzwa, lapho izinyo lamagnetic lidlula, i-voltage ivela ekuphumeni.Njengasesikhathini sangaphambilini, lapho i-master disk izungeza, i-alternating current iphakama ekuphumeni kwe-DPKV, enikezwa i-ECU.
Inzwa yokuma ye-crankshaft eguquguqukayo
Lena inzwa eyinkimbinkimbi, okuthi, nokho, inikeze ukunemba kwesilinganiso esiphezulu kulo lonke uhla lwesivinini se-crankshaft.Futhi, inzwa yeHholo idinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukile ukuze isebenze, ngakho ixhunywe ngezintambo ezintathu noma ezine.
Izinzwa zamehlo.Isisekelo senzwa siwumthombo wokukhanya nowamukelayo (i-LED ne-photodiode), esikhaleni phakathi kwamazinyo noma izimbobo ze-master disk.Inzwa isebenza kalula: i-disk, lapho ijikeleza ngezikhathi ezihlukene, idlula i-LED, ngenxa yalokho kwakhiwa i-pulsed current ekuphumeni kwe-photodiode - isetshenziswa iyunithi ye-electronic ukulinganisa.
Njengamanje, izinzwa ze-optical zisetshenziswa okulinganiselwe, ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zokusebenza kwazo enjinini - uthuli oluphezulu, amathuba okubhema, ukungcoliswa kweziphuzo, ukungcola komgwaqo, njll.
Ama-master disks ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa ukusebenza nezinzwa.I-disc enjalo ihlukaniswe ngamazinyo angu-60 atholakala njalo ngama-degree angu-6, kuyilapho endaweni eyodwa ye-disc awekho amazinyo amabili (uhlobo lokuvumelanisa lwe-disc 60-2) - lokhu kudlula kuyisiqalo sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft futhi kuqinisekisa ukuvumelanisa kwenzwa, I-ECU kanye nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo.Imvamisa, izinyo lokuqala ngemuva kokweqa liqondana nendawo yepiston yesilinda sokuqala noma sokugcina ku-TDC noma i-TDC.Kukhona futhi ama-disc anokweqa okubili kwamazinyo atholakala nge-engeli engu-180 degrees komunye nomunye (uhlobo lokuvumelanisa lwe-disc 60-2-2), ama-disc anjalo asetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zamayunithi amandla kadizili.
Ama-master discs we-inductive sensors enziwe ngensimbi, kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-crankshaft pulley.Amadiski ezinzwa zeHholo ngokuvamile enziwa ngepulasitiki, futhi omazibuthe baphakade batholakala emazinyweni abo.
Sengiphetha, siphawula ukuthi i-DPKV ivame ukusetshenziswa kokubili ku-crankshaft naku-camshaft, ekugcineni, isetshenziselwa ukuqapha isikhundla nesivinini se-camshaft nokwenza izinguquko ekusebenzeni komshini wokusabalalisa igesi.
Ukufakwa kohlobo lwe-inductive DPKV ne-master disk
Ungakhetha kanjani futhi ubeke esikhundleni inzwa ye-crankshaft ngendlela efanele
I-DPKV idlala indima ebalulekile kunjini, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa kuholela ekuwohlokeni okubukhali ekusebenzeni kwenjini (ukuqala okunzima, ukusebenza okungazinzile, ukwehla kwezici zamandla, ukuqhunyiswa, njll.).Futhi kwezinye izimo, uma i-DPKV ihluleka, injini iba ingasebenzi ngokuphelele (njengoba kuboniswa isignali ye-Check Engine).Uma kunezinkinga ezichazwe ngokusebenza kwenjini, kufanele uhlole inzwa ye-crankshaft, futhi uma ingasebenzi kahle, yenza enye indawo.
Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola inzwa, hlola ubuqotho bomzimba wayo, isixhumi nezintambo.I-sensor inductive ingahlolwa ngomhloli - kwanele ukukala ukumelana kwe-winding, lapho inzwa yokusebenza enayo ebangeni le-0.6-1.0 kOhm.Inzwa yeHholo ayikwazi ukuhlolwa ngale ndlela, ukuxilonga kwayo kungenziwa kuphela kumishini ekhethekile.Kodwa indlela elula ukufaka inzwa entsha, futhi uma injini iqala, inkinga kwaba ngokunembile ukungasebenzi DPKV endala.
Ukuze ufake esikhundleni, kufanele ukhethe inzwa kuphela yohlobo olufakwe emotweni futhi yanconywa umenzi wezimoto.Izinzwa zenye imodeli zingase zingangeni endaweni noma zenze amaphutha abalulekile ezilinganisweni, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ziphazamise ukusebenza kwenjini.I-DPKV kufanele ishintshwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokukhanda imoto.Ngokuvamile, kwanele ukunqamula isixhumi sikagesi, ukuqaqa isikulufu esisodwa noma ezimbili / amabhawodi, khipha inzwa bese ufaka entsha esikhundleni salokho.Inzwa entsha kufanele ibekwe kude no-0.5-1.5 mm kusukela ekupheleni kwe-master disc (ibanga eliqondile liboniswa emiyalweni), leli banga lingashintshwa ngama-washers noma ngenye indlela.Ngokukhetha okulungile kwe-DPKV nokushintshwa kwayo, injini izoqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, kuphela kwezinye izimo kuyodingeka ukulinganisa inzwa bese usetha kabusha amakhodi wephutha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023