Injini ngayinye inamadrayivu esikhathi namayunithi agxunyekiwe akhelwe phezu kwebhande noma iketango.Ukuze usebenze okuvamile kwedrayivu, ibhande neketanga kufanele kube nokungezwani okuthile - lokhu kufinyelelwa ngosizo lwamadivayisi okucindezela, izinhlobo, ukwakheka nokukhetha okulungile okuchazwe kulesi sihloko.
Iyini idivayisi yokucindezela?
Idivayisi ye-tension (i-tensioner yebhande, iketanga) - idivayisi eyisizayo yokushayela kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi (isikhathi) kanye namayunithi amayunithi ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ze-piston;Indlela esetha futhi igcine ukushuba okuphezulu kwebhande lokushayela noma iketango.
Idivayisi ecindezelayo yenza imisebenzi eminingana:
• Ukufakwa kanye nokulungiswa kwamandla e-tension belt/chain;
• Isinxephezelo sokuqina kwebhande/iketango elishintshayo ngenxa yokuguga kwezingxenye zokushayela kanye nezinguquko ezimweni zemvelo (ukwelula nokucindezelwa kwebhande/iketango ngaphansi kokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama, ngaphansi kwethonya lemithwalo yokudlidliza, njll.);
• Ukunciphisa ukudlidliza kwebhande noma iketango (ikakhulukazi amagatsha awo amade);
• Vimbela ibhande noma iketango ekusheleleni kuma-pulleys namagiya.
Nakuba amadivaysi e-tensioning ayizinqubo ezisizayo zenjini, adlala indima ebalulekile - aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kokushayela isikhathi namayunithi agibele, ngakho-ke yonke iyunithi yamandla isesimweni esishintsha njalo.Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, lezi zixhobo kufanele zilungiswe noma zishintshwe.Ukuze wenze ukukhetha okufanele kwe-tensioner entsha, kuyadingeka ukuqonda uhla lwalezi zindlela ezivezwe namuhla, ukwakheka kwazo nezici.
Izinhlobo kanye nokusebenza kwemishini yokuqinisa amandla
Imishini yokucindezela ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuvumelana nenhloso yawo, ukusebenza kohlobo oluthile lokushayela, isimiso sokusebenza, indlela yokulungiswa kokucindezeleka nokusebenza okwengeziwe.
Ngokusho kwenhloso, ama-tensioners ayizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
• Okokushayela isikhathi;
• Okwamadrayivu amayunithi agxunyekiwe weyunithi yamandla.
Esimweni sokuqala, idivayisi inikeza ukungezwani okudingekayo kweketango noma ibhande lesikhathi senjini, okwesibili - ukungezwani kwebhande le-drive evamile yamayunithi noma amabhande amayunithi ngamanye (i-generator, iphampu yamanzi kanye ne-fan, air compressor nabanye).Ama-tensioner amaningana womklamo nenjongo ehlukene angafakwa enjinini eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngokusebenza, amadivaysi e-tensioning ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
• Okokushayela ngamaketango;
• Okokushayela ngebhande le-V elivamile;
• Okwamadrayivu anezimbambo ezi-V.
Ama-tensioners amadrayivu ahlukene ayahluka ekwakhiweni kwento esemqoka - i-pulley.Kumadivayisi okushayela amaketanga, isondo legiya (i-sprocket) lisetshenziswa, ekudluliselweni kwe-V-belt - i-V-pulley, kuma-polyclin drives - i-V-ribbed ehambisanayo noma i-pulley ebushelelezi (kuye ngokuthi indlela yokufaka idivayisi ehlobene ibhande - kusukela ohlangothini lwemifudlana noma kusukela ohlangothini olubushelelezi lwangemuva).
Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, amadivaysi e-tensioning ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu:
• Ama-tensioner ane-pulley eqinile yokufaka;
• Ama-Tensioners asentwasahlobo;
• Ama-Hydraulic tensioners.
Ngayinye yezinhlobo zemishini yokucindezela inezici zayo, izinhlobo zayo kanye nomklamo kuchazwe ngezansi.
Ngokwendlela yokulungisa i-tension force, amadivaysi yilawa:
• Imanyuwali;
• Okuzenzakalelayo.
Idizayini ye-hydraulic cylinder ye-timing chain tensioning device
Kumadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala, amandla okucindezela asethwa (alungiswa) mathupha ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma uma kunesidingo.I-tensioner elungisiwe ihlezi isendaweni eyodwa futhi ayikwazi ukunxephezela amandla okuqina ebhande/iketango.Uhlobo lwesibili lwedivayisi luzishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo yalo kuye ngezimo zamanje, ngakho-ke amandla okuqina ebhande ahlala njalo.
Okokugcina, amadivaysi okuqinisa amandla angahlanganiswa namanye amadivaysi futhi enze imisebenzi eyengeziwe - ngama-chain dampers, limiters, njll. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingxenye zithengiswa njengengxenye yemishini yokulungisa ukuze kugcinwe ukugcinwa okujwayelekile kwamadrayivu wesikhathi noma amayunithi, noma ukulungisa injini.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwamadivayisi okuqinisa amandla ngokufakwa kwe-pulley eqinile
Lawa ma-tensioners afaka izinhlobo ezintathu zemishini:
• I-Lever;
• Shelelisela;
• I-Eccentric.
I-lever tensioner iqukethe ubakaki obekwe ngokuqinile enjinini kanye ne-lever ehambayo ene-pulley efakwe kuyo.I-lever ibanjwe kubakaki ngama-bolts amabili, futhi enye yazo itholakala ku-arcuate groove - ukuba khona kwe-groove evumela ukuthi ulungise isikhundla se-lever futhi, ngokufanele, amandla okucindezela ebhande.
Imishini yokuqinisa uhlobo lwe-slide isetshenziswa kabanzi: kuzo i-pulley ayifakwanga ku-lever, kodwa ku-groove eqondile yebakaki, lapho kudluliswa khona isikulufa eside (i-bolt).Ngokuzungezisa isikulufu, ungakwazi ukunyakazisa i-pulley emseleni, ngaleyo ndlela uguqule amandla okuqina ebhande.Lapho amandla okucindezela adingekayo esungulwa, isikulufu sibalwa namantongomane, okuqinisekisa ukunganyakazi kwe-pulley.
Ezimotweni zabagibeli, amadivaysi e-eccentric tensioning asetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngokwesakhiwo, le tensioner iqukethe irola eline-eccentric hub egxilwe kubhulokhi yenjini noma kubakaki.Amandla okucindezela ashintshwa ngokuguqula i-roller ezungeze i-axis futhi ayilungise endaweni ekhethiwe nge-bolt.
Wonke ama-tensioner achaziwe angamadivayisi alungiseka ngesandla ane-drawback ephawulekayo - awakwazi ukunxephezela ushintsho kumandla okuqina webhande.Lokhu kungalungile kuqedwa entwasahlobo kanye namadivayisi okucindezela amanzi.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwamadivayisi e-spring tensioning
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-spring tensioners:
• Ngesiphethu sokucindezela;
• Ngesiphethu esigobhozayo.
Kumadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala, ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwebhande lebhande kwenziwa isiphethu esisontekile esivamile, esicindezela ubakaki nge-roller / sprocket ebhande / iketango.Kumadivayisi ohlobo lwesibili, lo msebenzi wenziwa isiphethu esisontekile esibanzi, esontekile ngamandla athile.
Ama-Torsional spring tensioners asetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla - ahlangene, alula futhi anokwethenjelwa.Idivayisi enjalo iqukethe i-lever ene-pulley kanye nesisekelo (isibambi) esine-spring, ukuze kufakwe kalula, intwasahlobo kudivayisi entsha yokucindezela isivele icindezelwe ngamandla adingekayo futhi ilungiswe ngesheke.
Idivayisi yokuqinisa nge-torsion spring
Njengomthetho, amadivaysi e-spring tensioning asetshenziswa ekushayeleni kwebhande (i-V-ne-V-ribbed) yamayunithi afakiwe, kanye nasekushayeleni isikhathi kwezinjini zezimoto zabagibeli ezinamabhande wesikhathi.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwamadivaysi e-hydraulic tensioning
Isisekelo salolu hlobo lwama-tensioners yi-hydraulic cylinder ecindezela i-pulley / sprocket ebhande / iketango.Isilinda sinezimbotshana ezimbili zokukhulumisana, ezihlukaniswe yi-plunger ehambayo, exhunywe ku-pulley / sprocket ngosizo lwenduku (noma kunalokho, ku-lever yedivayisi yokuqinisa nge-pulley / sprocket efakwe kuyo).Futhi ku-cylinder kukhona ama-valve amaningana okudlula uketshezi olusebenzayo.Esimeni esimaphakathi se-plunger, isilinda sinikeza ukungezwani kwebhande / iketanga elidingekayo futhi akuthinti ukusebenza kwedrayivu nganoma iyiphi indlela.Lapho ukungezwani kwebhande / idrayivu kushintsha, i-plunger ishintsha indawo yayo, uketshezi olusebenzayo lugeleza lusuka komunye umgodi luye kwesinye, luqinisekise ukungezwani okuvamile kwebhande endaweni entsha.Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha enjini zisetshenziswa njengoketshezi olusebenzayo.
I-hydraulic cylinder ingafakwa kubakaki noma enjinini, kuma-timing chain drives, amasilinda amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngalinye elisebenza ku-sprocket yalo.Amasilinda amasha anamandla okucindezela asethiwe, izinduku zawo zibekwe endaweni oyifunayo ngesheke.
Izinkinga zokukhethwa, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemishini ecindezelayo
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, amadivaysi e-tensioning aguga kakhulu futhi alahlekelwe izimfanelo zawo, ngakho-ke adinga ukuhlolwa njalo futhi ashintshwe.Yilawo ma-tensioner anconywe umkhiqizi wenjini kuphela okufanele akhethelwe ukushintshwa - ngaphandle kwalokho idivayisi ayikwazi ukufakwa, noma ngeke inikeze ukungezwani okudingekayo kwebhande noma iketango.
Amadivayisi okuqinisa amabhande amayunithi agibeleliwe ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi angasebenza iminyaka eminingi, kufanele ashintshwe ngokuguga okubalulekile noma ukuwohloka.I-tensioner entsha kufanele ifakwe futhi ilungiswe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokusebenza kwemoto.Uma idivayisi inokulungiswa kwe-pulley eqinile, kufanele ilungiswe ngokushintsha indawo ye-lever noma ukusebenzisa isikulufu.Uma idivayisi isentwasahlobo, kufanele iqale ifakwe, bese isusa isheke - i-pulley ngokwayo izothatha indawo yokusebenza.Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu ku-lever luwela endaweni esisekelweni sedivayisi, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele ushintshe ibhande noma uhlole ukusebenza kwe-tensioner.
Ukufakwa kahle kocingo olucindezelayo ngokwezimpawu
Amadivayisi okuqinisa ama-timing chain drives ngokuvamile ashintshwa aphelele ngeketango, ama-dampers nezinye izakhi.Ukushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemiyalelo yemiyalelo.Ama-tensioners alolu hlobo awadingi ukulungiswa, kufanele afakwe bese asuswa esheke - i-sprocket izothatha indawo yokusebenza futhi iqinisekise ukungezwani okulungile kweketango.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwama-tensioners, amadrayivu esikhathi namayunithi azosebenza ngokuthembekile kunoma yiziphi izimo zokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2023