Kuma-preheaters enjini kunezinzwa eziqapha izinga lokushisa le-coolant futhi zilawule ukusebenza kwedivayisi.Funda mayelana nokuthi ziyini izinzwa zokushisa kwe-heater, yiziphi izinhlobo, ukuthi zihlelwe kanjani futhi zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi zishintshwa kanjani - funda kulesi sihloko.
Iyini inzwa yokushisa ye-PZD?
Inzwa yezinga lokushisa ye-PZD iyingxenye yesistimu yokulawula ye-preheater yenjini (i-heater yenjini ewuketshezi, i-PZD), into ebucayi (i-transducer yokulinganisa) yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lesipholile.
Idatha etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa yokushisa ithunyelwa ku-electronic control unit of Railway, futhi ngesisekelo sabo i-heater ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ishintsha izindlela zayo zokusebenza, ukuvala okuvamile noma okuphuthumayo.Imisebenzi yezinzwa incike ohlotsheni lwazo nendawo yokufaka ujantshi.
Izinhlobo, ukuklama kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwezinzwa zokushisa
Izinzwa zokushisa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokusebenza esibekwe phansi ngesisekelo somsebenzi wabo, uhlobo lwesignali yokuphuma, ukuklama nokusebenza.
Ngokusho kwesimiso sokusebenza, izinzwa ziyi:
● Ukumelana - kusekelwe ku-thermistor (thermistor), ukumelana kwayo kuncike ekushiseni.Lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, ukumelana kwe-thermistor kwanda noma kuncipha, lolu shintsho lurekhodwa futhi lusetshenziselwa ukucacisa izinga lokushisa lamanje;
● I-Semiconductor - zisekelwe kumadivayisi we-semiconductor (i-diode, i-transistor noma enye), izici zokuguqulwa kwe-"pn" ezincike ekushiseni.Lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, isici samanje se-voltage ye-"pn" junction (ukuncika kwamandla amanje ku-voltage) kuyashintsha, lolu shintsho lusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lokushisa lamanje.
Izinzwa eziphikisayo zilula futhi zishibhile, kodwa ekusebenzeni kwazo kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isifunda sokulinganisa esihlukile, esidinga ukulinganisa nokulungiswa.Izinzwa ze-semiconductor zenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza ama-microcircuits azwela ukushisa ngesekethe yokulinganisa edidiyelwe ekhiqiza isignali yedijithali kokuphumayo.
Ngokohlobo lwesignali yokuphumayo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa zokushisa:
● Ngokuphuma kwesignali ye-analog;
● Ngokuphuma kwesignali yedijithali.
Izinzwa ezilula kakhulu yilezo ezikhiqiza isignali yedijithali - ayingenwa kalula ukuhlanekezelwa namaphutha, kulula ukuyicubungula ngeziyingi zesimanje zedijithali, futhi isignali yedijithali yenza kube lula ukujwayela inzwa ukukala izikhawu ezihlukene zokushisa nezihlukene. izindlela zokusebenza.
Izinzwa zesimanje zikaloliwe ingxenye enkulu yakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sama-microcircuits angezwani namazinga okushisa anesignali ephumayo yedijithali.Isisekelo senzwa enjalo yi-cylindrical case eyenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali (noma ene-anti-corrosion coating), ngaphakathi kwayo i-microcircuit ezwela ukushisa ifakwe.Ngemuva kwekesi kukhona isixhumi esijwayelekile sikagesi noma ihhanisi lezintambo liphuma nesixhumi ekugcineni.Icala livaliwe, livikela i-chip emanzini nakwamanye amathonya amabi.Ngaphandle kwecala, kune-groove yokufakwa kwe-rubber noma i-silicone O-ring, futhi i-gasket eyengeziwe ingasetshenziswa.Inzwa ephikisayo iklanywe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa inezindlu ezincane ezinde, ekugcineni okukhona into ebucayi.
Uhlelo lukajantshi olunenkomba yezindawo zokufakwa kwezinzwa lokushisa nezinzwa ezishisa kakhulu
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi idizayini, izinzwa zokushisa ze-PZD zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo:
● Izinzwa zezinga lokushisa - ezisetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa loketshezi oluphumayo olugeleza lusuka ku-heater luye kusistimu yokupholisa yeyunithi yamandla;
● Inzwa yokushisa ngokweqile - esetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa loketshezi olungenayo olungena ku-heater lusuka kusistimu yokupholisa yeyunithi yamandla;
● I-Universal - ingasebenza njengenzwa yezinga lokushisa yoketshezi oluphumayo nolungenayo.
Inzwa yokushisa yoketshezi oluphumayo ifakwe ohlangothini lwepayipi le-exhaust liquid ye-heater, isetshenziswa yisistimu yokulawula ukuvula nokuvala i-heater lapho izinga lokushisa elithile lenjini lifinyelelwa (ngokuvamile lisuka ku-40 kuya 80 ° C, kuye ngohlelo olukhethiwe kanye nemodi yokusebenza yesitimela).Njengoba le nzwa isetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokulawula i-heater, imane ibizwa ngokuthi inzwa yokushisa.
Inzwa yokushisa ngokweqile ifakwe ohlangothini lwe-preheater liquid inlet, isetshenziselwa ukuvala idivayisi ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho i-coolant ishisa ngokweqile.Uma, ngesizathu esithile noma esinye, iyunithi yokulawula ingacimi i-heater lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-80 ° C, khona-ke isifunda sokuzivikela siyaqalwa, esivala ngenkani i-preheater, ivimbele injini ekushiseni ngokweqile.
Izinzwa ze-Universal zingenza imisebenzi yazo zombili izisetshenziswa, zifakwe ku-exhaust noma ipayipi le-inlet liquid, futhi zihlelwe ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi eyabelwe yona.
Kuma-preheaters anamuhla, kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezimbili - izinga lokushisa nokushisa ngokweqile.Isiginali yabo inikezwa okokufaka okuhambisanayo kweyunithi yokulawula ujantshi, kuyilapho isignali evela kunzwa yokushisa (uketshezi oluphumayo) ingasetshenziswa ukubonisa ulwazi ekubonisweni kwephaneli yokulawula egumbini labagibeli / ikhebhu lemoto, kanye isignali evela kunzwa yokushisa ngokweqile ingasetshenziswa ukwazisa ngokushisisa kwenjini.
Ukukhethwa nokushintshwa kwezinzwa zokushisa
Ama-heaters esimanje anezinhlelo zokuzihlola ezazisa umshayeli ngokungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa zokushisa ngesignali esibukweni sephaneli yokulawula noma ngokukhanyisa i-LED.Kuzo zonke izimo, uma kusolwa ukungasebenzi kahle, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka kukagesi kanye nenzwa - ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kuboniswa emiyalweni yokusebenza nokulungiswa kwesitimela.Uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle, inzwa yokushisa kufanele ishintshwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-heater ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Ukuze kushintshwe, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinzwa zalezo zinombolo zekhathalogi nezinhlobo ezikhonjiswe emiyalweni kaloliwe.Namuhla, abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza ama-analogues amadivaysi athandwa kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukukhetha kwabo.Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha, awukwazi ukuthembela kumthengisi ngokungaboni - udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa entsha inohlobo olufanele lwesixhumi futhi ine-gasket kukhithi.
Ukushintshwa kwezinzwa zokushisa nokushisa ngokweqile kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalo yesitimela, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imodeli ye-heater, lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe kuphela enjinini emile ekhishwe amatheminali ebhethri nangemva kokukhipha uketshezi ekupholiseni. uhlelo.Lapho ufaka inzwa entsha, kuyadingeka ukubheka i-polarity yokuxhunywa koxhumana nabo kagesi, futhi ngemva kokugcwalisa i-coolant, umoya uhlelo.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwenzwa yokushisa, i-heater yenjini izosebenza ngokwethembeka nangendlela efanele kuzo zonke izimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023