Yonke imoto inenzwa elula kodwa ebalulekile esiza ukuqapha ukusebenza kwenjini - inzwa yezinga lokushisa elipholile.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini inzwa yokushisa, idizayini enayo, ukuthi yiziphi izimiso umsebenzi wayo osekelwe kuzo, nokuthi ikuyiphi indawo emotweni.
Iyini inzwa yokushisa
Inzwa yokushisa epholile (i-DTOZh) inzwa ye-elekthronikhi eklanyelwe ukukala izinga lokushisa lesipholile (okupholile) sesistimu yokupholisa yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.Idatha etholwe inzwa isetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezimbalwa:
• Ukulawulwa okubonakalayo kwezinga lokushisa kweyunithi yamandla - idatha evela kunzwa iboniswa kudivayisi ehambisanayo (i-thermometer) kudeshibhodi emotweni;
• Ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwamasistimu enjini ahlukahlukene (amandla, ukuthungela, ukupholisa, ukuthuthwa kabusha kwegesi ephumayo nokunye) ngokuhambisana nombuso wayo wamanje wokushisa - ulwazi oluvela ku-DTOZH lunikezwa iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi (ECU), eyenza izinguquko ezifanele.
Izinzwa zokushisa ezipholile zisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimoto zesimanje, zinomklamo ofanayo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.
Izinhlobo kanye nomklamo wezinzwa zokushisa
Ezimotweni zanamuhla (kanye nakumadivaysi e-electronic ahlukahlukene), izinzwa zokushisa zisetshenziswa, isici esibucayi lapho i-thermistor (noma i-thermistor).I-thermistor iyisisetshenziswa se-semiconductor okumelana nogesi kuncike ekushiseni kwayo.Kukhona ama-thermistors ane-coefficient yokushisa engalungile nenhle (TCS), kumadivayisi ane-TCS engalungile, ukumelana kwehla ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, kumadivayisi ane-TCS enhle, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyanda.Namuhla, ama-thermistors ane-TCS engalungile asetshenziswa kaningi, njengoba alula futhi ashibhile.
Ngokwesakhiwo, yonke i-DTOZh yemoto iyafana.Isisekelo somklamo siwumzimba wensimbi (isilinda) owenziwe ngethusi, ithusi noma enye insimbi engagqwali.Umzimba wenziwa ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye yawo ixhumene nokugeleza okupholile - nansi i-thermistor, engacindezelwa futhi isiphethu (ngokuxhumana okuthembekile necala).Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba kukhona othintana naye (noma abathintwayo) bokuxhuma inzwa kumjikelezo ohambisanayo wesistimu kagesi yemoto.Ikesi liphinde licushwe futhi ihexagon ye-turnkey yenzelwe ukukhweza inzwa kusistimu yokupholisa injini.
Izinzwa lokushisa ziyahluka ngendlela ezixhumeke ngayo ku-ECU:
• Ngesixhumi esijwayelekile sikagesi — inzwa inesixhumi sepulasitiki (noma ibhulokhi) esixhumene nabo;
• Ngokuthintana nesikulufu — ukuthintana okukodwa ngesikulufu sokubopha kwenziwa kunzwa;
• Ngokuthinta iphinikhodi - iphinikhodi eyodwa noma ukuthintana nge-spatula kunikezwa inzwa.
Izinzwa zohlobo lwesibili nolwesithathu zinokuthinta okukodwa kuphela, othintana naye wesibili umzimba wezinzwa, oxhunywe "emhlabathini" wesistimu kagesi yemoto ngenjini.Izinzwa ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zezentengiselwano namaloli, kumishini ekhethekile, yezolimo neminye.
Inzwa yokushisa epholile ifakwe endaweni eshisa kakhulu yesistimu yokupholisa injini - epayipini lokukhipha lekhanda lesilinda.Ezimotweni zanamuhla, i-DTOZhS ezimbili noma ezintathu zivame ukufakwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngayinye eyenza umsebenzi wayo:
• Inzwa ye-thermometer (inkomba yokushisa epholile) iyona elula kakhulu, inokunemba okuphansi, ngoba isiza kuphela ukuhlola ngokubukeka izinga lokushisa kweyunithi yamandla;
• Inzwa ye-ECU ekuphumeni kwekhanda leyunithi iyinzwa enomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu futhi enembile (enephutha lika-1-2.5 ° C), okuvumela ukuthi ulandelele izinguquko zokushisa zamadigri amaningana;
• Inzwa ye-radiator - inzwa eyisiza yokunemba okuphansi, eqinisekisa ukuvula nokuvala okufika ngesikhathi kwefeni yokupholisa irediyetha kagesi.
Izinzwa eziningana zinikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nombuso wamanje wokushisa weyunithi yamandla futhi zikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe ngokuthembekile ukusebenza kwayo.
Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nendawo yenzwa yokushisa emotweni
Ngokuvamile, isimiso sokusebenza kwenzwa yokushisa silula.I-voltage engaguquki (ngokuvamile i-5 noma i-9 V) isetshenziselwa inzwa, futhi i-voltage yehla ku-thermistor ngokuhambisana nomthetho we-Ohm (ngenxa yokumelana kwayo).Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kokumelana kwe-thermistor (lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumelana kuncipha, lapho izinga lokushisa liyancipha, liyakhula), ngakho-ke ukwehla kwe-voltage kumjikelezo wezinzwa.Inani elilinganisiwe lokwehla kwe-voltage (noma kunalokho, i-voltage yangempela kusekethe yenzwa) isetshenziswa i-thermometer noma i-ECU ukuze kunqunywe izinga lokushisa lamanje lenjini.
Ukulawulwa okubonakalayo kokushisa kweyunithi yamandla, idivayisi ekhethekile kagesi ixhunywe kumjikelezo wezinzwa - i-thermometer ye-ratiometric.Idivayisi isebenzisa amawindi kagesi amabili noma amathathu, phakathi kwawo okukhona i-armature ehambayo enomcibisholo.I-winding eyodwa noma ezimbili zikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe engaguquki, futhi ukuphenduka okukodwa kufakwe kusekethe yenzwa yezinga lokushisa, ngakho inkambu yayo kazibuthe iyashintsha kuye ngezinga lokushisa elipholile.Njengomphumela wokusebenzelana okungaguquki nokushintshana kwezinkundla kazibuthe kuma-windings, kubangela ukuthi i-armature ijikeleze izungeze i-eksisi yayo, okuhlanganisa noshintsho endaweni yenalithi ye-thermometer ekudayeleni kwayo.
Ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-motor ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi ulawule amasistimu ayo, ukufundwa kwezinzwa kufakwa kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ngesilawuli esifanele.Izinga lokushisa likalwa ngobukhulu be-voltage drop in the circuit sensor, ngale njongo kumemori ye-ECU kukhona amatafula okuxhumana phakathi kwe-voltage kumjikelezo wezinzwa kanye nokushisa kwenjini.Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ama-algorithms ahlukahlukene okusebenza kwesistimu yenjini eyinhloko yethulwa ku-ECU.
Ngokusekelwe ekufundweni kwe-DTOZH, ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuthungela kuyalungiswa (ukushintsha isikhathi sokuthungela), ukunikezwa kwamandla (ukushintsha ukwakheka kwengxube ye-fuel-air, ukuncipha kwayo noma ukucebisa, ukulawulwa komhlangano we-throttle), ukukhishwa kwegesi kabusha kanye abanye.Futhi, i-ECU, ngokuhambisana nezinga lokushisa lenjini, ibeka isivinini se-crankshaft nezinye izici.
Inzwa yokushisa ku-radiator yokupholisa isebenza ngendlela efanayo, isetshenziselwa ukulawula isiphepheli sikagesi.Kwezinye izimoto, le nzwa ingabhangqwa neyinhloko yokulawula okunembe kakhudlwana kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zenjini.
Inzwa yokushisa idlala indima ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi imoto enenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, uma kwenzeka ukuphuka, kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka - kuphela kulokhu ukusebenza okuvamile kweyunithi yamandla kunoma iyiphi imodi kuzoqinisekiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-24-2023