Ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-starter kunikezwa umshini okhethekile - i-starter drive (eyaziwa ngegama elithi "Bendix"), ehlanganisa i-clutch overrunning, igiya kanye nemfoloko yokushayela.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini idrayivu yokuqala, iziphi izinhlobo, ukuthi iklanywe kanjani futhi isebenza kanjani kulesi sihloko.
Iyini idrayivu yokuqala?
I-Starter drive iwumshini wesistimu yokuqala yenjini evuthayo, okuyisixhumanisi phakathi kwesiqalisi sikagesi kanye ne-flywheel yenjini.I-actuator inemisebenzi emibili:
• Ukuxhuma isiqalisi enjini ukuze udlulise i-torque isuka kusiqalisi iye ku-flywheel ye-crankshaft;
• Ukuvikelwa kwesiqalisi ekulayisheni ngokweqile ngemva kokuqalisa injini.
Umsebenzi wokuvikela we-starter drive ubaluleke kakhulu.Ukuqala iyunithi yamandla, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-crankshaft yayo ijikeleze imvamisa ye-60-200 rpm (ngophethiloli - kancane, ngezinjini zikadizili - ngaphezulu) - kungenxa yalesi sivinini se-angular lapho isiqalisi senzelwe.Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqala, i-rpm ikhuphuka ibe ngu-700-900 noma ngaphezulu, lapho i-torque ishintsha izikhombisi-ndlela, isuka ku-flywheel kuya kusiqalisi.Ijubane elikhulayo liyingozi ku-starter, ngakho-ke uma injini iqalwa ngempumelelo, i-flywheel yayo kufanele inqanyulwe ku-starter - lokhu kungumsebenzi oxazululwa yi-drive.
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-starter drive ihlanganisa izindlela ezintathu:
• Igiya lokushayela i-Flywheel;
• I-Overrunning clutch (noma isondo lamahhala);
• Ilever noma imfoloko Shayela ngentambo, umkhono noma i-actuator clutch.
Indlela ngayinye inemisebenzi yayo.I-drive lever exhunywe ku-starter traction relay iletha ukushayela ku-flywheel yenjini, iqinisekisa ukuthi igiya liyasebenzisana neringi.Igiya lokushayela lidlulisa i-torque ukusuka kusiqalisi iye eringini ye-flywheel.Futhi i-clutch eyeqile iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwe-torque ukusuka ku-rotor yesiqalisi iye egiyeni ngesikhathi injini iqala, futhi ihlukanisa idrayivu ne-flywheel ngemva kokuqala ngempumelelo kwenjini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi i-starter drive yayidume ngokuthi "i-Bendix" - lokhu kungenxa yenkampani yaseFrance i-Bendix.Esikhathini esidlule, izingxenye ezisele zalolu hlobo zithole udumo ezweni lakithi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi igama laba yigama lomndeni.Namuhla, wonke umshayeli, ezwile igama elithi "Bendix", uyaqonda ukuthi sikhuluma nge-starter drive.
Izinhlobo zamadrayivu okuqalisa
Amadrayivu okuqalisa asetshenziswa namuhla ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ngokusho komklamo we-clutch overrunning kanye nendlela yokunamathisela i-drive lever (imfoloko).
I-lever ingaxhunywa ku-actuator ngezindlela ezintathu:
• Ukusebenzisa i-coupling ne-annular chute - ama-protrusions ezimpondweni zemfoloko atholakala ku-chute;
• Ukusebenzisa intambo enemifantu emibili yokuphumela ezimpondweni zemfoloko;
• Ukusebenzisa intambo enezikhonkwane ezimbili (i-rectangular, cylindrical), lapho kufakwa khona izimpondo zemfoloko ezinezimbobo zokuma okufanelekile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-starter drives angathengiswa kokubili nangaphandle kwe-lever.
Ngokusho komklamo we-clutch overrunning, ama-starter drives ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
• Nge-clutch overrunning roller;
• Nge-ratchet overrunning clutch.
Namuhla, ama-roller couplings asetshenziswa kakhulu, anomklamo olula, ukwethembeka kanye nokumelana okuphezulu namathonya amabi emvelo kanye negumbi lenjini (amanzi, amafutha, ukungcola, ukushisa okweqile, njll.).Amadrayivu e-Starter ane-ratchet overrunning clutch avame ukufakwa emalolini anamayunithi anamandla anamandla.Ama-couplings e-Ratchet angasebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abe nesisindo esincane nezinkomba zesayizi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngokuphazanyiswa okuphelele kwe-torque.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-starter drive nge-roller overrunning clutch
Isisekelo sokuklanywa kwe-starter drive nge-freewheel roller clutch yikheji ye-drive (yangaphandle), engxenyeni enwetshiwe lapho imigodi ye-variable cross-section iqoshwe ukufakwa kwama-roller kanye nemithombo yokucindezela.Ngaphakathi kwe-cage yokushayela, ikheji eliqhutshwayo lifakiwe, elihlanganiswe negiya lokushayela, okuthi, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-starter, lihlanganyele nomqhele we-flywheel.Ama-Roller afakwe esikhaleni phakathi kwendawo yangaphandle yekheji eliqhutshwayo kanye nemigodi yekheji yokushayela, athuthela engxenyeni encane yemigodi ngosizo lweziphethu (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-plungers engeziwe).Ukulahlekelwa kwama-rollers kuvinjelwa i-washer yokukhiya, futhi isakhiwo sonke sihlanganiswe ndawonye nge-coupling casing.
Ku-shank yesiqeshana sedrayivu kukhona indandatho yokunamathisela, i-leash noma imfoloko, itshalwe ngokukhululekile, futhi iphumule ngokumelene nengxenye enwetshiwe yesiqeshana ngokusebenzisa isiphethu esimanzi.Ukuvimbela i-clutch yemfoloko ukuthi ingasheleli isuka ku-shank yesiqeshana, ilungiswa ngendandatho ebambayo.Ingxenye engaphakathi yesiqeshana sedrayivu inama-splines asebenzisana nama-splines ku-rotor shaft yesiqalisi noma i-gearbox.Ngokusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-spline, i-torque esuka ku-shaft idluliselwa ku-cage yokushayela kanye nayo yonke i-starter drive.
Idrayivu ene-roller overrunning clutch isebenza kanje.Lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, i-starter traction relay iyaqaliswa, i-armature yayo idonsa imfoloko, yona, iphushele idrayivu ibheke ku-flywheel.Ukuze igiya lokushayela lifake i-flywheel, amazinyo ayo anama-bevels, futhi isiphethu esimanzi siyasiza lapha (futhi kunciphisa amandla emithelela yomshini, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamazinyo nezinye izingxenye).Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-starter motor iqala, futhi i-torque esuka ku-shaft yayo idluliselwa ku-cage drive.Ngaphansi kwesenzo seziphethu, ama-roller ekhejini atholakala engxenyeni encane kakhulu yemigodi, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona amandla amakhulu okungqubuzana phakathi kwezindonga zemigodi, ama-roller kanye nobuso obungaphandle bekheji eliqhutshwayo.Lawa mandla aqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwedrayivu neziqeshana ezishayelwayo, zizonke - ngenxa yalokho, i-torque evela kusiqalisi idluliselwa kumqhele we-flywheel, futhi i-crankshaft yenjini iyajikeleza.
Ngokuqala okuphumelelayo kweyunithi yamandla, i-angular velocity ye-flywheel iyanda, futhi i-torque evela kuyo iqala ukudluliselwa kusiqalisi.Lapho isivinini esithile se-angular sifinyelelwa, ama-roller ahamba emigodini ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal, adlulele engxenyeni enwetshiwe.Njengomphumela walokhu kunyakaza, amandla okungqubuzana phakathi kwedrayivu neziqeshana eziqhutshwayo ayancipha, futhi ngesikhathi esithile izingxenye zihlukanisiwe - ukugeleza kwe-torque kuphazamiseka, futhi i-rotor yokuqala iyeka ukujikeleza.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-starter ivaliwe, futhi idrayivu ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo (kanye namazinyo e-oblique ku-shaft) ikhishwa ku-flywheel, ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ekwakhiweni kwe-roller overrunning clutch, kodwa zonke zinesimiso sokusebenza esichazwe ngenhla.I-starter drive ene-roller clutch ibonakala kalula ngokubukeka kwayo - i-clutch inomumo wendandatho yobubanzi obuncane eceleni kwegiya.
Idizayini nomgomo wokusebenza kwe-starter drive nge-ratchet overrunning clutch
Isisekelo sokuklanywa kwe-ratchet freewheel clutch yipheya elakhiwe yi-drive futhi liqhutshwa ukuhlangana kwesigamu, ekugcineni lapho kwenziwa amazinyo e-sawtooth.I-drive half coupling itholakala kumkhono womhlahlandlela, enokuxhumana kuyo ngentambo ye-tape, futhi ngaphakathi komkhono kukhona imigqa eqondile yokuxhumana ne-starter shaft.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ku-bushing, kodwa kuphela ngaphandle kokuxhumeka okuqinile, kukhona ukuhlanganisa okuqhutshwa kwesigamu, okwenziwe kanye negiya lokushayela.Amazinyo e-Sawtooth nawo enziwa ekugcineni kwe-clutch eqhutshwayo, engakwazi ukuzibandakanya namazinyo e-drive half coupling.
Ngaphansi kwama-halves ahlanganisayo kunomshini wokukhiya ohlanganisa indandatho ene-conical groove exhunywe ku-coupling uhhafu wedrayivu, nama-crackers anoxhumo lwephinikhodi ne-half coupling eqhutshwayo.Esikhundleni sokusebenza, indandatho icindezela imvuthuluka yesinkwa emkhononi.Ukusuka ngenhla, ama-halves okuhlanganisa avaliwe ngomzimba ngendlela yengilazi evulekile, ohlangothini lwawo oluvulekile kukhona indandatho yokukhiya evimbela uhhafu wokuhlanganisa oqhutshwayo ukuthi ungasheleli emkhonweni.
Idrayivu ene-ratchet overrunning clutch isebenza kanje.Lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, njengasekuqaleni, idrayivu ilethwa ku-flywheel, futhi igiya lihlanganyela nomqhele.Kulokhu, i-axial force iyenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi womabili ama-halves ahlangene ahlanganyela - ukujikeleza kusuka kusiqalisi kudluliselwa egiyeni kanye ne-flywheel.Lapho injini iqala, ukugeleza kwe-torque kushintsha isiqondiso, ingxenye ye-clutch eqhutshwayo iqala ukujikeleza ngokushesha kunaleyo ehamba phambili.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokujikeleza okuphambene, ukubandakanya phakathi kwamazinyo e-clutch akusenakwenzeka - ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-bevels, amazinyo ayashelela phezu komunye nomunye, futhi ukuhlanganisa uhhafu wedrayivu kuyasuka kulowo oqhutshwayo.Ngasikhathi sinye, indandatho ene-conical groove ecindezela izingcezu zesinkwa zomshini wokukhiya iphindiselwa emuva, futhi ama-crackers akhuphuka eduze kwezikhonkwane ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal.Lapho sebefinyelele endaweni ephezulu, ama-crackers acindezelwa endandeni, elungisa ama-halves okuhlanganisa kude ukusuka komunye nomunye - ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwe-torque kuphazamiseka.Ngemuva kokuthi isiqalisi sivaliwe, uhhafu we-clutch oshayelwayo uyayeka ukuzungeza, ama-crackers ashelela phansi, asuse ilokhi, bese idrayivu ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.
I-starter drive ene-ratchet overrunning clutch ibonakala kalula ngokubukeka kwayo - inomumo wengilazi, ngaphakathi lapho ama-halves okuhlanganisa atholakala khona.Izindlela ezinjalo manje zisetshenziswa emalolini i-MAZ, i-Ural, i-KamAZ nabanye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2023