Ukufakwa kweziphethu kuhlaka lwemoto kwenziwa ngosizo lwezisekelo ezakhiwe ezingxenyeni ezikhethekile - iminwe.Ungafunda konke mayelana nezikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo, izinhlobo zazo ezikhona, ukuklama nezici zomsebenzi ekumisweni, kanye nokukhetha okulungile kweminwe nokushintshwa kwayo, kulesi sihloko.
Iyini iphinikhodi yasentwasahlobo?
Iphinikhodi yasentwasahlobo yigama elivamile lezingxenye ngendlela yezinduku ezinezindlela ezihlukene zokukhweza (ezinentambo, i-wedge, iphinikhodi ye-cotter), ephuma njengama-ekseli noma izixhumi ekumisweni kwezimoto zasentwasahlobo.
Ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo, okusungulwe ngekhulu le-XVIII, kusasebenza futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthuthweni komgwaqo.Iziphethu zisebenza njengama-elementi anwebekayo, okuthi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezisafufusa, akhiphe ukushaqeka nokushaqeka lapho ushayela imoto phezu kwamabhampa omgwaqo.Okusetshenziswa kakhulu yiziphethu ze-semi-elliptical ezinamaphoyinti amabili okusekela kuhlaka - okushiwo kanye nokushelelayo.Iphoyinti le-hinge linikeza ikhono lokuzungezisa intwasahlobo ngokuhlobene nohlaka, futhi iphoyinti lokushelela linikeza izinguquko kubude bentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokukhubazeka okwenzeka ngezikhathi zokunqoba ukungalingani kwendawo yomgwaqo.I-axis ye-hinged support, etholakala ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, iyisici esikhethekile - umunwe weso lentwasahlobo (noma umunwe wokuphela kwentwasahlobo).Izisekelo zentwasahlobo ezishelelayo ezingemuva zivame ukwenziwa kuma-bolt nezinye izingxenye, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zisebenzisa iminwe yemiklamo ehlukahlukene.
Leaf spring ukumiswa kanye nendawo iminwe kuwo
Izikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokumiswa, ezisebenza njalo ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu (ngisho nalapho imoto inganyakazi), ngakho-ke zingaphansi kokugqoka okukhulu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zidinga ukushintshwa.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga iminwe emisha, kufanele uqonde ukuklama nezici zalezi zingxenye.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nezici zezikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo
Izikhonkwane zeziphethu zihlukaniswa ngokusho kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ekumisweni (futhi, ngokufanele, ngokusho kwendawo yokufaka), futhi ngokusho kwendlela yokufaka.
Ngokwenhloso (imisebenzi), iminwe ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:
● Iminwe yendlebe (ngaphambili) yasentwasahlobo;
● Izikhonkwane zokusekelwa kwentwasahlobo yangemuva;
● Izikhonkwane zokufaka ezihlukahlukene.
Cishe konke ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo kunomunwe wendlebe, okuyingxenye eyinhloko ye-fulcrum ehinged yangaphambili yemithombo yangaphambili nangemuva.Lo munwe wenza imisebenzi eminingana:
- Isebenza njenge-eksisi (i-kingpin) ye-fulcrum enamahinge;
- Inikeza uxhumano lwemishini ye-spring lug ne-bracket etholakala kuhlaka;
- Ihlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwamandla nama-torque ukusuka esondweni ukuya kuhlaka lwemoto.
Ukufaka iphinikhodi yasentwasahlobo kumantongomane
Izikhonkwane zokusekela ezingemuva azikwazi ukutholakala kukho konke ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo, ngokuvamile le ngxenye ishintshwa ngamabholithi noma amabakaki ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izibophelelo ezinentambo.Le minwe ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
● Iminwe eyodwa egxilwe kubakaki abangemuva bentwasahlobo (ngokuqondile, kumalayini abakaki);
● Iminwe emibili ihlanganiswe icici.
Iminwe eyodwa evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu itholakala kubakaki bangemuva, intwasahlobo ihlezi kulo munwe (ngokuqondile noma nge-gasket ekhethekile eqinile).Iminwe emibili isetshenziswa kancane kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ezimotweni ezinesisindo esincane (isibonelo, kwamanye amamodeli we-UAZ).Iminwe ihlanganiswe ngababili ngosizo lwamapuleti amabili (izihlathi), yakha icici lokulenga isiphethu: umunwe ongaphezulu wamacici ufakwe kubakaki kuhlaka, umunwe ophansi ufakwe ku-eyelet ngemuva. kwentwasahlobo.Lokhu kuqiniswa kuvumela indawo engemuva ye-spring ukuthi ihambe ibheke phezulu ibheke phezulu uma isondo lihamba emigwaqweni engalingani.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhonkwane ezifakwayo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma iphakethe lepuleti lasentwasahlobo ku-eyelet (noma ipuleti lasentwasahlobo, ekugcineni lapho kwakhiwa iluphu).Kokubili izikhonkwane namabhawodi kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuxhunywe kuhlanganiswe nepulasitiki ehlukahlukene kanye nezihlahla zenjoloba.
Ngokwendlela yokufaka, iminwe yemithombo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu:
1.Ngokulungiswa ngamabhawodi aguquguqukayo obubanzi obuncane (i-jamming);
2.Ngokulungisa amantongomane;
3.Ngokulungiswa kwephinikhodi ye-cotter.
Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa umunwe oyi-cylindrical, endaweni engemuva lapho kwenziwa khona ama-semicircular grooves amabili aguquguqukayo.Abakaki banamabhawudi amabili avundlayo angena emifantwini yephini, okuqinisekisa ukugcwala kwawo.Ngalokhu kufakwa, umunwe ubanjwe ngokuphephile kubakaki, awuzungezi eksisi futhi uvikelekile ekuweni ngaphansi kwethonya lemithwalo yokushaqeka nokudlidliza.Iminwe yalolu hlobo isetshenziswa kakhulu emalolini, kuhlanganise namaloli asekhaya e-KAMAZ.
Esimweni sesibili, intambo iyasikwa ekugcineni komunwe, lapho amantongomane noma amabili ane-thrust washers eklinywa.Kokubili amantongomane avamile namantongomane omqhele angasetshenziswa, agcwaliswe ngephinikhodi ye-cotter, efakwe embotsheni ephambene kuphini, futhi ibala ngokuthembekile inadi.
Esimweni sesithathu, iminwe isetshenziswa, ilungiswe kuphela ngephinikhodi ye-cotter, esebenza njengesitobha ukuvimbela ingxenye ukuthi ingawi ngaphandle kubakaki.Ukwengeza, i-thrust washer isetshenziswa nephinikhodi ye-cotter.
Iminwe yohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili isetshenziswa ezisekelweni zangaphambili zeziphethu, iminwe yohlobo lwesithathu isetshenziswa ezisekelweni ezingemuva zemithombo.
Eqenjini elihlukile, ungathatha iminwe esetshenziswe kumacici asentwasahlobo.Esihlathini esisodwa, iminwe iyacindezelwa, lapho isandiso esine-notch longitudinal senziwa ngaphansi kwamakhanda abo - umunwe onalesi sandiso ufakwe emgodini esihlathini, futhi uqiniswe ngokuqinile kuwo.Ngenxa yalokho, uxhumano olutholakalayo luyadalwa, ngenxa yokuthi icici lingafakwa kalula futhi lihlakazwe, futhi, uma kunesidingo, lihlakazwe ukuze lithathe indawo yomunwe owodwa.
Izikhonkwane zezisekelo zangaphambili zifakwe kubakaki ngomkhono oqinile noma oyinhlanganisela.Emalolini, izinsimbi zensimbi eziqinile zivame ukusetshenziswa, lapho izikhonkwane zifakwe khona ngezigxivizo ezimbili zenjoloba (ama-cuffs).Ezimotweni ezilula, ama-bushings ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu, ahlanganisa ama-rubber bushings amabili anamakholomu axhunywe ama-bushings ensimbi angaphandle nangaphakathi - lo mklamo uyisihibe se-rubber-metal (ibhulokhi ethule), enciphisa izinga eliphelele lokudlidliza nomsindo wokumiswa.
Ukuze usebenze okuvamile kwephinikhodi yokusekela yangaphambili (i-spring eyelet), kufanele igcotshwe - ngale njongo, isiteshi esimise okwe-L senziwa eminwe (ukubhoboza ekugcineni nasohlangothini), kanye namafutha ajwayelekile. ukufakwa kufakwe ekugcineni entanjeni.Ngokusebenzisa i-oiler, amafutha afakwa esiteshini somunwe, engena emkhonweni futhi, ngenxa yokucindezela nokushisa, asakazwa kulo lonke igebe phakathi komkhono nephini.Ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo i-lubricant (kanye nokufaka kahle ingxenye kubakaki), ama-longitudinal and transverse grooves of shapes ahlukahlukene angenziwa kuphini.
Iphinikhodi ye-spring lug enamabhawudi amabili
Iphinikhodi ye-spring lug enamantongomane
Iphinikhodi yokulungisa i-back spring support on the pin cotter
Indlela yokuthatha nokufaka esikhundleni se-spring pin
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, yonke iminwe yemithombo ingaphansi kwemithwalo ebalulekile yemishini, kanye nemiphumela yezici ezingezinhle zemvelo, okuholela ekugqokeni kwabo okujulile, ukuguqulwa nokugqwala.Kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo seminwe kanye nezihlahla zabo ku-TO-1 ngayinye, ngesikhathi sokuhlola kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo nangensimbi ukugqokwa kweminwe namabhushi, futhi, uma kungaphezu kokuvunyelwe, shintsha lezi zingxenye. .
Yileyo minwe kuphela kanye nezingxenye zokukhwelana ezinconywe umenzi wemoto okufanele zithathwe ukuze kushintshwe.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezingxenye kungaholela ekugqokeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuwohloka kokumiswa, futhi ukuzikhiqiza kweminwe nakho kungaba nomphumela omubi (ikakhulukazi uma izinga lensimbi likhethiwe ngokungalungile).Kudingekile ukushintsha iphinikhodi yasentwasahlobo ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ngokuvamile, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1.Hlanga ingxenye yemoto eceleni kwesiphethu ukuze ilungiswe, yehlise isiphethu;
2.Nqamula i-shock absorber entwasahlobo;
3.Khipha iphinikhodi - khumula inati, qaqa amabhawodi, khipha iphinikhodi ye-cotter noma wenze eminye imisebenzi ngokuhambisana nohlobo lokunamathiselwe kwephinikhodi;
4.Susa umunwe - uwukhiphe noma uwukhiphe emkhonweni usebenzisa isisetshenziswa esikhethekile;
5.Hlola umkhono futhi, uma kunesidingo, uwususe;
6.Faka izingxenye ezintsha, ngemva kokugcoba;
7.Reverse ahlanganise.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukususa umunwe kuphela ngosizo lwabadonsa abakhethekile - le divayisi kufanele inakekelwe kusengaphambili.Umdobi angathengwa noma enziwe ngokuzimela, nakuba imikhiqizo yefekthri isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokufaka umunwe esikhundleni, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa amafutha kuwo ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kwamafutha bese wenza lo msebenzi ngokulungiswa okufanele.
Uma iphinikhodi yasentwasahlobo ikhethiwe futhi ishintshwe ngendlela efanele, ukumiswa kwemoto kuzosebenza ngokuthembekile kuzo zonke izimo, kunikeze ukunyakaza okunethezekile nokuphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-11-2023