Ukufakwa kweziphethu kuhlaka lwemoto kwenziwa ngosizo lwezisekelo ezakhiwe ezingxenyeni ezikhethekile - iminwe.Konke mayelana neminwe yeziphethu, izinhlobo zabo ezikhona, ukuklama kanye nezici zomsebenzi ekumisweni, kanye nokukhetha okulungile kweminwe nokushintshwa kwayo, ungathola esihlokweni sethulwe.
Yini isiphethu somunwe?
Ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo kanye nendawo yeminwe kuyo
Umunwe wentwasahlobo yigama elivamile lezingxenye ngendlela yezinduku ezinezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhweza (intambo, i-wedge, iphini), ephuma njengama-axles noma ama-fasteners entwasahlobo yokumiswa kwezimoto.
Ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo, okusungulwe ngekhulu le-XVIII, kusasebenza futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthuthweni komgwaqo.Iziphethu zisebenza njengezakhi ezinwebekayo, okuthi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezisafufusa, zikhiphe ukushaqeka nokundindizela lapho imoto ihamba endaweni engalingani yomgwaqo.Okuvame kakhulu iziphethu ze-semi-elliptical ezinamaphoyinti amabili okusekela kuhlaka - okushiwo kanye nokushelelayo.Iphuzu elishiwo linikeza ikhono lokuzungezisa intwasahlobo ngokuhlobene nohlaka, futhi iphuzu lokuslayida linikeza izinguquko ubude bentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa okwenzeka ngezikhathi zokunqoba ukungalingani kwendawo yomgwaqo.I-axis yokusekelwa okucacisiwe, etholakala phambi kwentwasahlobo, iyisici esikhethekile - umunwe wendlebe yasentwasahlobo (noma umunwe wokuphela kwentwasahlobo).Izisekelo zentwasahlobo ezishelelayo ezingemuva zivame ukwenziwa kuma-bolts nezinye izingxenye, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iminwe yemiklamo ehlukahlukene isetshenziswa kuzo.
Iminwe yasentwasahlobo iyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokumiswa ezihlala zisebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu (ngisho noma imoto inganyakazi), ngakho-ke zingaphansi kokuguga okukhulu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zidinga ukushintshwa.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga iminwe emisha, kufanele uqonde ukuklama nezici zalezi zingxenye.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nezici zemithombo yeminwe
Ukufaka umunwe wasentwasahlobo kumantongomane
Iminwe yemithombo ihlukaniswa ngemisebenzi eyenziwa ekumisweni (futhi, ngokufanele, ngendawo yokufaka), nangendlela yokufaka.
Ngokwenhloso (imisebenzi), iminwe ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:
● Iminwe yendlebe (ngaphambili) yasentwasahlobo;
● Iminwe yokusekelwa kwangemuva kwentwasahlobo;
● Iminwe efakayo ehlukene.
Cishe kukho konke ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo yamaqabunga kunomunwe wendlebe, okuyingxenye eyinhloko ye-hinge yangaphambili ye-fulcrum yemithombo yangaphambili nangemuva.Lo munwe wenza imisebenzi eminingana:
● Isebenza njenge-eksisi (inkosi) ye-fulcrum eshiwo;
● Ihlinzeka ngoxhumano lwemishini lwendlebe yasentwasahlobo ngobakaki obekwe ohlakeni;
● Ihlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwamandla nama-torque ukusuka esondweni kuya kuhlaka lwemoto.
Izikhonkwane zokusekela zangemuva azitholakali kukho konke ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo, ngokuvamile le ngxenye ithathelwa indawo amabhawudo noma abakaki ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izibophelelo ezinentambo.Le minwe ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
● Iminwe eyodwa egxilile kubakaki abangemuva bentwasahlobo (ngokuqondile, ekufakweni kobakaki);
● Iminwe emibili ihlanganiswe icici.
Iminwe eyodwa evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu itholakala kubakaki bangemuva, intwasahlobo ihlezi kulo munwe (ngokuqondile noma nge-gasket ekhethekile eqinile).Iminwe emibili isetshenziswa kancane kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ezimotweni ezincane (ngokwesibonelo, kwamanye amamodeli we-UAZ).Iminwe iqoqwe ngamabili ngosizo lwamapuleti amabili (izihlathi), yakha icici lokulenga isiphethu: umunwe ongaphezulu wamacici ufakwe kubakaki ohlakeni, umunwe ophansi - endlebeni ngemuva. intwasahlobo.Lesi ntaba sivumela ukuphela kwentwasahlobo ukuthi kushintshe ezindizeni ezivundlile nezime mpo lapho isondo lihamba emigwaqweni engalingani.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhonkwane ezifakwayo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma iphakethe lamapuleti entwasahlobo endlebeni (noma ipuleti leqabunga, ekugcineni lapho kwakhiwa iluphu).Kokubili iminwe namabhawodi kungasetshenziswa ekuxhumeni kuhlanganiswe nepulasitiki ehlukahlukene kanye nezihlahla zenjoloba.
Ngokwendlela yokufaka, iminwe yemithombo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu:
1. Ngokulungiswa ngamabhawodi aguquguqukayo obubanzi obuncane (i-jamming);
2. Ngokulungiswa kwamantongomane;
3. Ngokulungiswa kwephini.
Izindlebe zomunwe ziphuma ngokulungiswa ngamabhawudi amabili
Izindlebe zomunwe ziphuma ngokulungiswa ngamantongomane
Umunwe wokusekela ngemuva kwentwasahlobo kuphini
Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa umunwe oyi-cylindrical, endaweni engemuva lapho kwenziwa amanotshi amabili aguquguqukayo angama-semicircular.Ubakaki unamabhawudi amabili avundlayo angena kumanotshi omunwe, aqinisekise ukuminyana kwawo.Ngalokhu kufakwa, umunwe ubanjwe ngokuphephile kubakaki, awuzungezi eksisi futhi uvikelekile ekuweni ngaphansi kwethonya lemithwalo yokushaqeka nokudlidliza.Iminwe yalolu hlobo isetshenziswa kakhulu emalolini, kuhlanganise namaloli asekhaya e-KAMAZ.
Esimweni sesibili, intambo iyasikwa ekugcineni komunwe, lapho amantongomane noma amabili ane-thrust washers eklinywa.Kokubili amantongomane avamile namantongomane omqhele angasetshenziswa aphelele ngephinikhodi efakwe embotsheni ephambanayo emnweni, futhi ibala ngokuthembekile inadi.
Esimweni sesithathu, iminwe isetshenziswa, ilungiswe kuphela ngephinikhodi, esebenza njengesitobhi esivimbela ingxenye ukuthi ingawi kubakaki.Ukwengeza, i-thrust washer isetshenziswa nephini.
Iminwe yohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili isetshenziswa ezisekelweni zangaphambili zeziphethu, iminwe yohlobo lwesithathu - ezisekelweni ezingemuva zemithombo.
Eqenjini elihlukile, ungathatha iminwe esetshenziswe emacicini eziphethu.Esihlathini esisodwa, iminwe iyacindezelwa, lapho isandiso esine-notch longitudinal senziwa ngaphansi kwamakhanda abo - umunwe ufakwe emgodini esihlathini ngalesi sandiso, futhi uqiniswe ngokuqinile kuwo.Ukuxhumana nesihlathi sesibili kwenziwa ngamantongomane ajwayelekile noma amantongomane omqhele ngezikhonkwane.Ngenxa yalokho, uxhumano oluhlukanisiwe luyadalwa, ngenxa yokuthi icici lingafakwa kalula futhi lihlakazwe, futhi uma kunesidingo, lihlakazwe ukuze lithathe indawo yomunwe owodwa.
Ukufakwa kweminwe yezisekelo zangaphambili kubakaki kwenziwa ngomkhono oqinile noma oyinhlanganisela.Emalolini, izinsimbi zensimbi eziqinile zivame ukusetshenziswa, lapho iminwe ifakwe khona ngezigxivizo ezimbili zenjoloba (ama-cuffs).Ezimotweni ezilula, ama-bushings ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa amabhulabhu amabili enjoloba anamahlombe axhunywe yi-bushings yensimbi yangaphandle nangaphakathi asetshenziswa kabanzi - lo mklamo uyi-hinge ye-rubber-metal (ibhulokhi ethule), enciphisa izinga eliphelele lokudlidliza nomsindo wokumiswa.
Ukuze usebenze okuvamile komunwe wesisekelo sangaphambili (indlebe yasentwasahlobo), ukugcotshwa kwayo kuyadingeka - ngale njongo, ishaneli emise okwe-L yenziwa eminwe (ukubhoboza ekugcineni nasengxenyeni eseceleni), kanye nezinga elijwayelekile. i-oiler press ifakwe ekugcineni kuntambo.Ngokusebenzisa i-oiler, i-grease iphonswa emseleni womunwe, ongena esihlahleni futhi, ngenxa yokucindezela nokushisa, isakazwa kulo lonke igebe phakathi kwe-bushing nomunwe.Ukuze kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo i-lubricant (kanye nokufakwa okulungile kwengxenye kubakaki), amanotshi amade kanye nama-transverse of shapes ahlukahlukene angenziwa emunweni.
Indlela yokuthatha futhi esikhundleni iziphethu ngomunwe
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, yonke iminwe yemithombo ingaphansi kwemithwalo ebalulekile yemishini, kanye nemiphumela yezici ezingezinhle zemvelo, okuholela ekugqokeni kwabo okujulile, ukuguqulwa nokugqwala.Hlola isimo seminwe kanye nezihlahla zabo kufanele kube ku-TO-1 ngayinye, ngesikhathi sokuhlola kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo nangensimbi ukugqoka kweminwe kanye nezihlahla, futhi, uma kukhulu kunokuvunyelwa, shintsha lezi zingxenye.
Yileyo minwe kuphela kanye nezingxenye ezihambisanayo ezituswe umenzi wemoto okufanele zithathwe ukuze zishintshwe.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezingxenye kungaholela ekugqokeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuphuka kokumiswa, umphumela omubi ungase ube nokukhiqizwa okuzimele kweminwe (ikakhulukazi uma izinga lensimbi likhethiwe ngokungalungile).Udinga ukushintsha umunwe wentwasahlobo ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ngokuvamile lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Lengisa ingxenye yemoto eceleni kwesiphethu ukuze ilungiswe, yehlise isiphethu;
2. Nqamula i-shock absorber entwasahlobo;
3. Khipha umunwe - vula i-nati, ukhulule ama-bolts, susa iphini noma wenze eminye imisebenzi ngokuhambisana nohlobo lokunamathiselwe komunwe;
4. Khipha umunwe - uwukhiphe noma uwukhiphe emkhonweni ngomshini okhethekile;
5. Hlola ihlathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, lisuse;
6. Faka izingxenye ezintsha, uke wagcoba ngaphambilini;
7. Buyela emuva ukwakha.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo, ungasusa umunwe kuphela ngosizo lwabadonsa abakhethekile - le divayisi kufanele inakekelwe kusengaphambili.Umdobi angathengwa noma enziwe ngokuzimela, nakuba imikhiqizo yefekthri isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokufaka umunwe esikhundleni, kuyadingeka ukuwugcwalisa ngamafutha ngokusebenzisa i-oiler yokucindezela, esikhathini esizayo ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokulungiswa okufanele.
Uma umunwe wentwasahlobo ukhethiwe futhi ushintshwa ngendlela efanele, ukumiswa kwemoto kuzosebenza ngokuthembekile kuzo zonke izimo, kunikeze ukunyakaza okukhululekile nokuphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-06-2023