Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ama-speedometers emishini emishini athathelwe indawo amasistimu okulinganisa isivinini kagesi, lapho izinzwa zejubane zidlala indima ebalulekile.Konke mayelana nezinzwa zejubane zanamuhla, izinhlobo zazo, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha kwazo okulungile nokushintshwa - funda kulesi sihloko.
Iyini inzwa yesivinini
Inzwa yesivinini (inzwa yesivinini semoto, i-DSA) iyisici esibucayi sohlelo lokulinganisa isivinini semoto ye-elekthronikhi;Inzwa yokuxhumana noma okungeyona ethintwayo ekala isivinini se-angular shaft ku-gearbox noma ku-gearbox ye-axle yokushayela futhi idlulisele imiphumela yokulinganisa kusilawuli sesivinini semoto noma i-speedometer.
Sicela uqaphele: i-athikili ikhuluma nge-DSA kuphela yokukala isivinini semoto.Mayelana nezinzwa zesivinini samasondo ezisebenza njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo (i-ABS nezinye), ezichazwe kwezinye izihloko kuwebhusayithi yethu.
Izinzwa zejubane zingaba yingxenye yezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zemoto yesimanje:
● I-Speedometer - ukulinganisa nokubonisa isivinini samanje sokunyakaza kanye nebanga elihanjiwe (kusetshenziswa i-odometer);
● Umjovo, ukuthungela nezinye izinhlelo zenjini - ukulungisa izindlela zokusebenza zeyunithi yamandla, kuye ngesivinini semoto kanye nezinguquko zayo (ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokubhuleka);
● Amasistimu okuvikeleka asebenzayo nama-alamu - ukulungisa isivinini ne-trajectory yemoto ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, isexwayiso ngezimo ezingaba yingozi, njll.;
● Kwezinye izimoto - isiteringi samandla nezinhlelo zokunethezeka.
I-DSA, njengedrayivu yekhebula evamile ye-speedometer, ifakwe ku-gearbox, ikesi lokudlulisa noma i-drive axle gearbox, ilandelela isivinini se-angular shaft yesibili noma ephakathi.Ulwazi olutholwe kusuka kunzwa ngendlela yezimpawu zikagesi luthunyelwa kumlawuli wejubane noma ngqo ku-speedometer.Izici zamasiginali akhiqiziwe kanye nezindlela zokuxhuma/zokuhlanganisa izinzwa nge-electronics yemoto zincike ezinhlotsheni zazo, ukwakheka kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.Lokhu kudinga ukuchazwa kabanzi.
Ukusebenza, izinhlobo, ukuklama kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwezinzwa zejubane
Izinzwa zesivinini, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo nomklamo, zikhiqiza amasignali angathunyelwa ngokuqondile kumshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane noma kusilawuli senjini namayunithi okulawula ama-elekthronikhi ahlobene.Esimweni sokuqala, inzwa isetshenziselwa kuphela ukucacisa isivinini semoto.Esimweni sesibili, idatha isetshenziswa i-electronics yezimoto ukulawula injini nezinye izinhlelo, futhi isignali ku-speedometer inikezwa isilawuli.Ezimotweni zesimanje, indlela yesibili yokuxhuma iyasetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukulinganisa isivinini nge-DSA kulula kakhulu.Inzwa ikhiqiza isignali ye-pulse (ngokuvamile i-rectangular shape), lapho izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse lincike esivinini sokujikeleza kwe-shaft futhi, ngokufanele, ngesivinini semoto.Izinzwa eziningi zanamuhla zikhiqiza kusuka ku-2000 kuya ku-25000 ama-pulses ngekhilomitha, kodwa indinganiso evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-pulses angu-6000 ngekhilomitha (yezinzwa zokuxhumana - ama-pulses angu-6 nge-revolution ye-rotor yawo).Ngakho, ukukalwa kwesivinini kwehliselwa ekubalweni ngumlawuli wezinga lokuphindaphinda kwama-pulses avela ku-DSA ngeyunithi yesikhathi, futhi ukuhunyushwa kwaleli nani ku-km/h okuqondakalayo kithi.
Izinzwa zejubane zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
● Ishayelwa i-shaft, noma ukuthintana;
● Ngaphandle kokuthintwa.
Ifaka inzwa yesivinini sokuxhumana ku-gearbox
Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa izinzwa lapho i-torque esuka ku-gearbox shaft, i-axle noma ikesi lokudlulisa idluliswa ngegiya lokushayela nentambo yensimbi eguquguqukayo (noma i-shaft eqinile emfishane).Inzwa ihlinzeka ngedivayisi efunda ukuzungezisa kwe-angular shaft futhi iyiguqule ibe amathonya kagesi.Izinzwa zalolu hlobo zisetshenziswa kakhulu, njengoba zingafakwa esikhundleni se-drive ye-speedometer engumshini (okuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izimoto ezindala ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe) futhi zithembeke kakhulu.
Ukudayela okuyinhloko kwenzwa yesivinini okungathinteki
Iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa izinzwa ezingenakho ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-shaft ejikelezayo.Ukukala isivinini sezinzwa ezinjalo, idivayisi eyisizayo ifakwe ku-shaft - i-master disc noma i-rotor.Amadivayisi angenakuxhumana aya ngokuya ethandwa, afakwa kumamodeli amaningi amanje wezimoto zasekhaya.
Zonke izinzwa zisebenza ngezimiso ezahlukene zomzimba.Kumadivayisi okuxhumana, umphumela weHholo kanye nomphumela we-magnetoresistive (MRE), kanye nama-optocouplers (amapheya e-optoelectronic), asetshenziswa kakhulu.Enhliziyweni yezinzwa ezingathintwa, umphumela weHholo usetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi kancane kancane i-MRE.Umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lwenzwa kuchazwe ngezansi.
Izinzwa zokuxhumana ezisuselwe kumphumela weHholo
Izinzwa zalolu hlobo zisekelwe kumphumela weHholo: uma i-conductor flat, ngokusebenzisa izinhlangothi ezimbili eziphikisanayo lapho kudluliswa khona umbane oqondile, ibekwe endaweni yamagnetic, khona-ke i-voltage kagesi iphakama kwezinye izinhlangothi zayo eziphambene.Enhliziyweni ye-DSA kune-chip ye-Hall, lapho i-wafer (evame ukwenziwa nge-permalloy) kanye nesekethe ye-amplifier isivele ihlanganisiwe.Kuzinzwa, i-microcircuit kanye nezibuthe zihlala zimile, futhi ushintsho endaweni yamagnetic lwenziwa ngenxa "yekhethini" elijikelezayo - indandatho enezintambo.Indandatho ixhunywe kukhebula lokushayela noma ku-shaft, lapho ithola khona ukujikeleza.Isignali ephumayo evela ku-DSA ithunyelwa kumshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane noma isilawuli ngesixhumi esivamile, lapho amandla anikezwa khona ku-chip yaseHholo.
Izinzwa okungezona othintana nazo ezisuselwe kumphumela weHholo
I-DSA engaxhunywanga isekelwe kumphumela ofanayo, kodwa azikho izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuyo - esikhundleni salokho, i-rotor noma i-pulse disk enezingxenye ezidonsa amandla itholakala ku-shaft yeyunithi (ibhokisi legiya, i-axle gearbox).Kukhona igebe elincane phakathi kwengxenye ebucayi yenzwa (ene-Hall chip) kanye ne-rotor, lapho i-rotor ijikeleza, isignali ye-pulse ikhiqizwa ku-microcircuit, ethunyelwa kumlawuli ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esivamile.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwenzwa yesivinini esingathinteki
Xhumana nezinzwa ezisuselwe kumphumela we-magnetoresistive
Idizayini yenzwa yesivinini enento ye-magnetoresistive
Lolu hlobo lwe-DSA lusekelwe kumphumela we-magnetoresistive - impahla yezinye izinto zokushintsha ukumelana kwazo nogesi uma zibekwe endaweni kazibuthe.Izinzwa ezinjalo zifana nezinzwa zeHholo, kodwa zisebenzisa ama-chips anento edidiyelwe ye-magnetoresistive (MRE) esekelwe ezintweni ze-semiconductor.Imvamisa, lezi zinzwa zinedrayivu eqondile, ushintsho endaweni kazibuthe lwenziwa ngokuzungezisa uzibuthe we-multi-pole, isignali ekhiqiziwe inikezwa isilawuli ngesixhumi esijwayelekile (okungasebenzisa amandla e-microcircuit). I-MRE inikezwe).
Izinzwa zokuxhumana ze-Optoelectronic
Lawa ma-DSA alula kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwawo, kodwa awazwela kakhulu futhi awasebenzi kakhulu kunalawo achazwe ngenhla.Inzwa isekelwe ku-optocoupler - i-LED ne-phototransistor, phakathi kwayo kukhona i-disk enezikhala ezixhunywe ku-drive shaft.Uma idiski izungeza, ukukhanya okukhanyayo phakathi kwe-LED ne-phototransistor kuyaphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile, lokhu kuphazamiseka kuyakhuliswa futhi kuthunyelwe kusilawuli ngesimo sesignali ye-pulse.
Idizayini yenzwa yesivinini se-Optoelectronic
Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha inzwa yejubane efanele
Inzwa yejubane engalungile emotweni yesimanje ingaba umthombo wezinkinga ezahlukahlukene - kusukela ekulahlekelweni kwedatha ngesivinini sokunyakaza kanye nebanga elihanjiwe (i-speedometer kanye ne-odometer ukuyeka ukusebenza), kuya ekuphazamisekeni kweyunithi yamandla (i-idling engazinzile, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukulahlekelwa amandla), isiteringi sikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha.Ngakho-ke, uma i-DSA iphuka, kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuze ufake esikhundleni, kufanele uthathe kuphela inzwa ebikade isemotweni ngaphambilini, noma usebenzise amadivayisi aphakathi kwalawo anconywe umenzi wezimoto.Kwezinye izimo, ungakhetha i-DSA "okungeyona yomdabu", kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu akunakwenzeka - inzwa noma ayingeni endaweni, noma inikeza ukufundwa okungalungile ngesikhathi sokufakwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa ngokukhethwa kwe-DSA kufanele kubhekiselwe kuzo kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukushintshwa kwenzwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yale moto (noma i-gearbox, i-axle noma ikesi lokudlulisa).I-Direct drive DSAs ivamise ukuba nentambo ye-turnkey ne-hexagon (kodwa hhayi njalo - eminye imikhiqizo inendandatho ene-transverse corrugation), ngakho-ke ukuyishintsha kwehlela ekucimeni idivayisi endala futhi kufihlwe entsha.Izinzwa okungezona othintana nazo zivame ukunamathiselwa ngesikulufu esisodwa noma ezimbili (amabhawodi) axhunywe embotsheni ye-flange.Kuzo zonke izimo, wonke umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe nge-terminal esusiwe ebhethri, ngaphambi kokudiliza inzwa, kuyadingeka ukunqamula isixhumi sikagesi, futhi ngaphambi kokufaka esisha, hlanza indawo yokusifaka.
Kunzima kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni se-rotor yezinzwa ezingezona othintana naye - ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ingxenye yeyunithi (ibhokisi, ibhuloho), bese wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwenzwa yejubane, i-speedometer nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zemoto (kuhlanganise nenjini) ziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha.Ngokuzayo, i-DSA izoqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokunethezeka kwemoto.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023