Zonke izimoto zesimanje zifakwe isignali ezwakalayo, esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izingozi zomgwaqo.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini isignali yomsindo, yiziphi izinhlobo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi umsebenzi wayo usekelwe kuphi, kanye nokukhetha amasignali nokushintshwa kwawo.
Yini ibhiphu?
Isignali yomsindo (idivayisi yokubonisa umsindo, i-ZSP) - isici esiyinhloko se-alamu yomsindo wezimoto;Isisetshenziswa sikagesi, sikagesi noma somoya esikhipha isignali ezwakalayo yethoni ethile (imvamisa) ukuxwayisa abanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ukuze kugwenywe izimo eziyingozi.
Ngokuvumelana neMithetho Yamanje Yomgwaqo, yonke imoto esebenza eRussia kufanele ifakwe isixwayiso esizwakalayo, okufanele sisetshenziselwe kuphela ukuvimbela izingozi zomgwaqo.Ngokuvumelana nesigaba 7.2 "Uhlu lokungasebenzi kahle nezimo lapho ukusebenza kwemoto kuvinjelwe", ukuwohloka kwesignali yomsindo kuyisizathu sokuvinjelwa kokusebenza kwemoto.Ngakho-ke, i-ZSP engalungile kufanele ishintshwe, futhi ukuze ukhethe kahle le divayisi, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo zayo, imingcele kanye nezici ezibalulekile.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwezimpawu zomsindo
I-ZSP emakethe ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza, ukwakheka kwe-spectral kanye nethoni yomsindo okhishiwe.
Ngokusho kwesimiso sokusebenza esibekwe kuzo, wonke amadivaysi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:
● Ugesi;
● I-pneumatic kanye ne-electropneumatic;
● Ezogesi.
Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa yonke i-ZSP, lapho umsindo ukhiqizwa ulwelwesi, oscillating ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushintshana kwamanje ku-solenoid (electromagnet).Iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa amasignali lapho umsindo kwakheka khona ukugeleza komoya odlula ocingweni usuka emotweni noma i-compressor yayo, le mishini ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi izimpondo.Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zemishini enamajeneretha omsindo kagesi.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwe-spectral yomsindo okhishiwe, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ZSP:
● Umsindo;
● Ithoni.
Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa amasignali akhipha umsindo wezinhlobo eziningi zamafrikhwensi (kusuka emashumini kuya ezinkulungwaneni ze-Hz), ezibonwa indlebe yethu njengomsindo ohlabayo ocijile noma umsindo nje.Iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa i-ZSP ekhipha umsindo wokuphakama okuthile ebangeni elingu-220-550 Hz.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-tonal ZSP ingasebenza ngezigaba ezimbili:
Umklamoi-membrane (idiski)isignali yomsindoIdizayini yesiginali yomsindo womoya
● Ithoni ephansi - ebangeni le-220-400 Hz;
● Ithoni ephezulu - ebangeni elingu-400-550 Hz.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi la mafrikhwensi ahambisana nethoni eyisisekelo yesignali yomsindo, kodwa idivayisi enjalo ikhipha umsindo nezinye iziza kufika ku-kilohertz kweshumi nambili.
Ngayinye yezinhlobo ze-ZSP inezici zayo kanye nezicelo, kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe.
Izimpawu zomsindo we-Membrane (idiski).
Izimpawu zomsindo we-Membrane (idiski).
Amadivayisi alo mklamo abizwa nge-electromagnetic, electromechanical noma vibration.Ngokwesakhiwo, isignali ilula: isekelwe kuzibuthe kagesi enengalo ephathekayo exhunywe kulwelwesi lwensimbi (noma idiski) futhi ixhumene neqembu lokuxhumana.Lesi sakhiwo sonke sibekwe kukesi, simbozwe nge-membrane phezulu, i-resonator ingafakwa ngaphezu kwe-membrane - ipuleti eliyisicaba noma elimise okwenkomishi ukwandisa ivolumu yomsindo.Umzimba unobakaki namatheminali okuxhuma kusistimu kagesi yemoto.
Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-disk ZSP silula.Esikhathini sokusetshenziswa kwamanje ku-electromagnetic, i-armature yayo ihoxisiwe futhi ihlezi ngokumelene noxhumana nabo, ibavule - i-electromagnetic ikhishwa amandla futhi i-armature ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo noma ukuqina kolwelwesi, okuphinde kuholele ekuvaleni othintana nabo kanye nokunikezwa kwamanje ku-electromagnetic.Le nqubo iphinda imvamisa ye-200-500 Hz, i-membrane edlidlizayo ikhipha umsindo wemvamisa efanelekile, engakhuliswa ngokungeziwe yi-resonator.
Amasignali e-Vibration electromagnetic avame kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okulula, izindleko eziphansi nokuqina.Zethulwa emakethe ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kunezinketho zamathoni aphansi futhi aphezulu, avame ukufakwa emotweni ngamabili.
I-Membrane horn ZSP
Amadivayisi alolu hlobo afana nomklamo kumasiginali okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, kodwa abe nemininingwane eyengeziwe - uphondo oluqondile ("uphondo"), i-spiral ("cochlea") noma olunye uhlobo.Ingemuva lophondo litholakala ohlangothini lwe-membrane, ngakho-ke ukudlidliza kolwelwesi kubangela ukudlidliza wonke umoya osophondweni - lokhu kunikeza ukuphuma komsindo kokwakheka okuthile kwe-spectral, ithoni yomsindo incike kubude. kanye nomthamo wangaphakathi wophondo.
Okuvame kakhulu amasignali "umnenke" ahlangene, athatha indawo encane futhi abe namandla aphezulu.Okungajwayelekile kancane yizimpawu "zezimpondo", okuthi uma zikhulisiwe zibe nokubukeka okukhangayo futhi zingasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa imoto.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lophondo, lawa ma-ZSP anazo zonke izinzuzo zezimpawu zokudlidliza ezivamile, eziqinisekisa ukuthandwa kwazo.
Idizayini yesignali yomsindo we-membrane yophondo
Izimpawu zomsindo we-Pneumatic kanye ne-electropneumatic
Uphondo lwe-Electro-pneumatic
I-ZSP yalolu hlobo isekelwe esimisweni esilula sokukhiqiza umsindo ovela epuleti elincane elizungezayo emoyeni.Ngokwesakhiwo, isignali ye-pneumatic uphondo oluqondile, engxenyeni encane lapho kukhona ikamelo lomoya elivaliwe elinomhlanga noma i-membrane vibrator - umgodi omncane ngaphakathi lapho kukhona ipuleti lesimo esisodwa noma esinye.Umoya wokucindezela okuphezulu (kuze kufike kuma-atmospheres angu-10) unikezwa ekamelweni, kubangela ukuba ipuleti idlidlize - le ngxenye ikhipha umsindo wemvamisa ethile, ekhuliswa uphondo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamasiginali - i-pneumatic, edinga ukuxhumana nesistimu ye-pneumatic yemoto, kanye ne-electropneumatic, ene-compressor yayo enedrayivu kagesi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni, ama-ZSP amabili noma amathathu noma ngaphezulu anamathoni ahlukene afakwe emotweni, okufeza imvamisa oyifunayo nokuqina komsindo.
Namuhla, amasiginali we-pneumatic ajwayelekile kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphakeme, kepha abalulekile emalolini anomsindo omkhulu, lawa madivaysi nawo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa.
I-ZSP ye-elekthronikhi
Amadivayisi alolu hlobo asekelwe kumajeneretha e-electronic wemvamisa yomsindo, ukukhishwa komsindo okwenziwa ngamakhanda ashukumisayo noma ama-emitters kagesi wezinye izinhlobo.Inzuzo yalesi siginali yikhono lokukhipha noma iyiphi isignali yomsindo, kodwa amadivaysi anjalo abiza kakhulu futhi athembekile kancane kune-membrane evamile noma i-pneumatic.
I-GOSTs kanye nezindaba zomthetho zokusebenza kwezimpawu zomsindo
Imingcele eyinhloko yemishini ekhipha umsindo imisiwe, futhi ububanzi bokusebenza kwabo kulawulwa ngokuqinile.Wonke ama-ZSP kufanele ahambisane ne-GOST R 41.28-99 (okuyinto, nayo, ehlangabezana ne-European UNECE Regulation No. 28).Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-ZSP ingcindezi yomsindo abayenzayo.Le pharamitha kufanele ibe ku-95-115 dB yezithuthuthu, futhi ibe phakathi kwe-105-118 dB yezimoto namaloli.Kulokhu, ukucindezela komsindo kukalwa ebangeni lemvamisa lika-1800-3550 Hz (okungukuthi, hhayi ethoni eyisisekelo yemisebe ye-ZSP, kodwa endaweni lapho indlebe yomuntu izwela kakhulu).
Kubekwe ngokucacile ukuthi izimoto zomphakathi kufanele zifakwe amasignali anefrikhwensi yomsindo engaguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto ezivamile azivunyelwe kuphela ezihlukahlukene zomculo ZSP, kodwa futhi izimpawu ezikhethekile ezifana kwakhala, "owaka bodokotela" nabanye.Izimpawu zenhloso ekhethekile zisetshenziswa kuphela ezigabeni ezithile zezimoto ezishiwo ku-GOST R 50574-2002 ejwayelekile nezinye.Ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe kwamasiginali anjalo kuholela esibophweni sokuphatha.
Izinkinga zokukhetha nokufakwa kwesignali yomsindo
Ukukhethwa kwe-ZSP esikhundleni sephutha kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwesignali efakwe ngaphambili kanye nezici zayo.Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa idivayisi yohlobo olufanayo nemodeli (ngakho-ke inombolo yekhathalogi) eyayisetshenziswe emotweni ngaphambili.Kodwa-ke, kuvunyelwe ukufaka ama-analogue (kodwa hhayi emotweni yewaranti) ehlangabezana nezidingo zokucindezela komsindo nokubunjwa kwe-spectral.Futhi, isignali entsha kufanele ibe nezici ezidingekayo zikagesi (12 noma 24 V ukunikezwa kwamandla) kanye nohlobo, izikhwebu namatheminali.
Akwamukelekile ukusebenzisa amadivaysi anemvamisa eguquguqukayo yomsindo, futhi uma kufakwe amadivaysi amabili amafrikhwensi ahlukene emotweni, awukwazi ukubeka amasiginali aphezulu noma aphansi.Futhi akunangqondo ukusebenzisa isignali yomoya ophezulu kakhulu ezimotweni zabagibeli - lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezithile ngomthetho.
Amasignali omsindo we-Horn electromagnetic
Ukushintshwa kwe-ZSP kumele kwenziwe kulandelwa iziqondiso zokulungisa kanye lokugcinwa kwemota, kanye lokufakwa kwesitshengiselo esingajayelekiyo – ngokuya ngemiyalo efakwe kuyo.Ngokuvamile, lo msebenzi wehlela ekukhululeni isikulufu esisodwa noma ezimbili kanye nezixhumi zikagesi ezixhumayo.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwesignali yomsindo, imoto izohlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha futhi ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile kunoma yiziphi izimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-26-2023