Kuzo zonke izimoto zanamuhla kukhona inethiwekhi kagesi ethuthukisiwe, i-voltage lapho iqiniswa khona yiyunithi ekhethekile - i-relay-regulator.Funda konke mayelana nezilawuli ezidluliswayo, izinhlobo zazo ezikhona, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye esihlokweni.
Iyini i-voltage regulator relay?
I-Voltage regulator relay (i-voltage regulator) iyingxenye yesistimu kagesi yemoto;Umshini, i-electromechanical noma idivaysi ye-elekthronikhi ehlinzeka ngokusekela amandla kagesi asebenza ekuphakeleni kwamandla asebhodini ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile.
Isimiso sikagesi sezimoto sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi lapho iyunithi yamandla imiswa, ibhethri (ibhethri) lisebenze njengomthombo wamandla, futhi lapho liqalisiwe, i-generator iguqule ingxenye yamandla enjini ibe ugesi.Kodwa-ke, i-generator ine-drawback ephawulekayo - i-voltage yamanje eyenziwa yiyo incike isivinini se-crankshaft, kanye namanje osetshenziswa umthwalo kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.Ukuze kuqedwe lokhu kudonsela emuva, kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elisizayo - i-relay-regulator noma i-voltage regulator.
I-voltage regulator ixazulula izinkinga eziningi:
● Ukuqina kwamandla kagesi - ukugcinwa kwamandla kagesi enethiwekhi engaphakathi kwebhodi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ebekiwe (ngaphakathi kwama-volts angu-12-14 noma angu-24-28 ngokuchezuka okuvumelekile);
● Ukuvikelwa kwebhethri ukuthi lingaphumi ngamasekhethi akhiqiza ugesi lapho injini imiswa;
● Izinhlobo ezithile zezilawuli - ukuvala shaqa okuzenzakalelayo kwesiqalisi lapho injini iqalwa ngempumelelo;
● Izinhlobo ezithile zezilawuli - ukuxhuma okuzenzakalelayo nokunqanyulwa kwejeneretha ebhethrini ukuze uyishaje;
● Izinhlobo ezithile zezilawuli - ukushintsha i-voltage yenethiwekhi esebhodini kuye ngezimo zezulu zamanje (ukudluliselwa kwesistimu kagesi ekusebenzeni kwehlobo nobusika).
Zonke izimoto, ogandaganda nemishini eyahlukene ifakwe ama-relay-regulators.Ukungasebenzi kahle kwalolu phiko kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo lukagesi, kwezinye izimo lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwemishini kagesi nemililo.Ngakho-ke, umlawuli ongalungile kufanele ashintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukuze kukhethwe kahle ingxenye entsha, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izinhlobo ezikhona, ukuklama kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwabalawuli.
Izinhlobo, umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-relay-regulator
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-relay-regulators, kodwa umsebenzi wabo usekelwe ezimisweni ezifanayo.Noma yisiphi isilawuli siqukethe izinto ezintathu ezihlobene:
- Isici sokulinganisa (esizwelayo);
- Isici sokuqhathanisa (ukulawula);
- Isici sokulawula.
I-regulator ixhunywe ku-winding field ye-generator (OVG), ukulinganisa nokuguqula amandla amanje kuwo - lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage.Ngokuvamile, lolu hlelo lusebenza kanje.Isici sokulinganisa, esakhiwe ngesisekelo sesihlukanisi se-voltage, sihlala siqapha amandla amanje ku-OVG futhi siyiguqulela ekubeni isignali esiza entweni yokuqhathanisa (ukulawula).Lapha, isignali iqhathaniswa nesilinganiso - inani le-voltage okufanele lisebenze ngokujwayelekile ohlelweni lukagesi wemoto.Isici sereferensi singakhiwa ngesisekelo sokudluliswa kokudlidliza kanye nama-zener diode.Uma isignali evela entweni yokulinganisa ihambisana nereferensi (ngokuchezuka okuvunyelwe), khona-ke umlawuli akasebenzi.Uma isignali engenayo ihluka kusiginali yereferensi ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye, into yokuqhathanisa ikhiqiza isignali yokulawula eza kusici esilawulayo esakhelwe kuma-relay, ama-transistors noma ezinye izakhi.Isici esilawulayo sishintsha okwamanje ku-OVG, esifeza ukubuyiswa kwe-voltage ekuphumeni kwe-generator emikhawulweni edingekayo.
Umdwebo we-voltage regulator block
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, amayunithi okulawula akhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sezinto ezihlukile, ngalesi sisekelo amadivayisi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana:
● Ukudlidliza;
● Xhumana-transistor;
● I-electronic transistor (engaxhunywanga);
● I-Integral (i-transistor, eyenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe).
Umdwebo we-vibration relay-regulator
Ngokomlando, amadivaysi okudlidliza abengowokuqala ukuvela, empeleni, abizwa ngokuthi ama-relay-regulators.Kudivayisi enjalo, womathathu amayunithi angahlanganiswa ekwakhiweni okukodwa - i-electromagnetic relay enoxhumana nabo abavamise ukuvaleka, nakuba isici sokulinganisa singenziwa ngendlela yesihlukanisi kuma-resistors.Amandla we-tension wentwasahlobo ebuyayo asebenza njengenani eliyireferensi ku-relay.Ngokuvamile, i-relay-regulator isebenza kalula.Ngomshini ophansi we-OVG noma i-voltage ephansi ekuphumeni kwe-generator (kuye ngokuthi indlela yokuxhuma isilawuli), i-relay ayisebenzi futhi yamanje igeleza ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa othintana nabo abavaliwe - lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwe-voltage.Lapho i-voltage ikhuphuka, i-relay iqala, i-voltage kumjikelezo wehla futhi i-relay iyakhululwa, i-voltage iphakama futhi futhi i-relay iphinde iqale - yile ndlela i-relay eshintsha ngayo kumodi ye-oscillation.Lapho i-voltage ku-generator ishintsha ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye, imvamisa ye-oscillation ye-relay iyashintsha, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage.
Njengamanje, ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza, okunokusebenza okuphansi nokungathembeki okwanele, akusasetshenziswa ezimotweni.Ngesinye isikhathi, zathathelwa indawo izilawuli ze-contact-transistor, lapho i-vibration relay isetshenziswa njengento yokuqhathanisa/yokulawula, futhi i-transistor esebenza kumodi yokhiye isetshenziswa njengento elawulayo.Lapha, i-transistor idlala indima yoxhumana nabo be-relay, ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, ukusebenza komlawuli onjalo kufana nalokho okuchazwe ngenhla.Namuhla, abalawuli balolu hlobo bathathelwa indawo ama-transistors angathintwayo emiklamo ehlukahlukene.
Kuzilawuli ze-transistor ezingathinteki, i-relay ithathelwa indawo yidivayisi ye-semiconductor elula - i-zener diode.I-voltage ye-zener diode stabilization isetshenziswa njengenani lereferensi, futhi isici sokulawula sakhiwe ngesisekelo sama-transistors.Ngama-voltage aphansi, i-zener diode nama-transistors asesimweni esinjalo kangangokuthi umkhawulo wamanje unikezwa ku-OVG, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-voltage.Lapho izinga le-voltage elidingekayo lifinyelelwa, i-zener diode kanye nama-transistors ashintshela kwesinye isimo futhi aqale ukusebenza kumodi ye-oscillatory, okuthi, njengoba kwenzeka esimweni sokudluliselwa okujwayelekile, inikeza ukuqiniswa kwe-voltage.
Izilawuli zesimanje ze-elekthronikhi zakhelwe kuma-transistors futhi zingaba ne-pulse-width modulator (PWM), okusethwa ngayo imvamisa yokushintsha yesekethe futhi idivayisi ingethulwa ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokulawula izimoto.
Izilawuli ze-non-contact transistor zingenziwa kuma-elementi ahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe.Esimweni sokuqala, izingxenye ezivamile ze-elekthronikhi (ama-zener diode, ama-transistors, ama-resistors, njll.) asetshenziswa, esimweni sesibili, yonke iyunithi ihlanganiswe ku-chip eyodwa noma i-compact block yezingxenye zomsakazo ezihlangene ezigcwele inhlanganisela.
Umklamo ocatshangelwayo unama-relay-regulators alula kakhulu, empeleni, kusetshenziswe amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu anamayunithi ahlukahlukene asizayo - ukulawulwa kokuqala, ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwebhethri ngokusebenzisa ukuvuthwa kwensimu, ukulungisa imodi yokusebenza ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa, ukuvikelwa kwesifunda, ukuzixilonga nokunye. .Kuzilawuli eziningi zokudlulisa ogandaganda namaloli, amathuba okulungiswa ngesandla kwamandla kagesi wokusimamisa nawo asetshenziswa.Lokhu kulungiswa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-resistor eguquguqukayo (kumadivayisi wokudlidliza - kusetshenziswa isiphethu) kusetshenziswa i-lever noma isibambo esibekwe ngaphandle kwendlu.
Izilawuli zenziwe ngendlela yamabhulokhi amancane afakwe ngqo ku-generator noma endaweni elula emotweni.Idivayisi ingaxhunywa ku-OVG kanye / noma okukhiphayo kwejeneretha, noma esigabeni sokuphakelwa kwamandla ebhodini lapho kudingeka khona i-voltage ezinzile.Kulokhu, i-terminal eyodwa ye-OVG kufanele ixhunywe ku-"+" noma "-" ebhodini lokunikezwa kwamandla.
I-Voltage regulator relay ukuze ifakwe ngaphandle kwejeneretha
Izinkinga zokukhetha, ukuxilonga kanye nokushintshwa kwama-voltage regulator relays
Ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlukahlukene kungenzeka kuma-relay-regulators, ezimweni eziningi abonakaliswa ukungabikho kwamandla ebhethri amanje futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokushaja okwedlulele kwamanje kwebhethri.Isheke elilula lesilawuli lingenziwa kusetshenziswa i-voltmeter - vele uqale injini futhi uyivumele isebenze ngesivinini esingu-10-15 rpm futhi izibani zikhanyise imizuzu engama-2500-3000.Khona-ke, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivinini futhi ngaphandle kokucisha izibani, linganisa i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri - kufanele ibe ngu-14.1-14.3 volts (ku-24-volt kabili phezulu).Uma i-voltage iphansi kakhulu noma iphakeme, khona-ke lesi yisikhathi sokuhlola i-generator, futhi uma ihlelekile, buyisela isilawuli.
Isilawuli esidluliswayo sohlobo olufanayo nemodeli efakwe ngaphambili kufanele sithathwe ukuze sishintshwe.Kudingeka ikakhulukazi ukunaka ukuhleleka kokuxhumeka komlawuli kunethiwekhi ye-on-board (lapho amatheminali we-generator nezinye izakhi), kanye ne-voltage yokuhlinzeka kanye nemisinga.Ukushintshwa kwengxenye kufanele kwenziwe ngokulandela imiyalelo, umsebenzi ungenziwa kuphela lapho injini imisiwe futhi ukuphela kukhishwa ebhethri.Uma zonke izincomo zilandelwa, futhi umlawuli ukhethwa ngendlela efanele, khona-ke uzoqala ngokushesha ukusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu kagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023