Kunoma iyiphi injini yesimanje ye-piston kunezingxenye eziqinisekisa ukuqina kwegumbi elivuthayo kanye nokugcotshwa kwamasilinda - amasongo e-piston.Funda konke mayelana namasongo e-piston, izinhlobo zawo ezikhona, izici zokuklama nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwamasongo esihlokweni esihlongozwayo.
Ayini ama-piston rings?
Amasongo e-piston - izingxenye zeqembu le-cylinder-piston (CPG) yenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo;izindandatho zensimbi ezikhiphekayo ezifakwe kumapiston ukuze kuvalwe indawo evuthayo, kuncishiswe ukulahleka kukawoyela wenjini futhi kuncishiswe inani lamagesi okukhipha umoya angena ku-crankcase.
Ukuze usebenze okuvamile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ye-piston, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingcindezi edlula izinga elithile elincane idalwe ekamelweni elivuthayo ekupheleni kwe-stroke yokucindezela (lapho i-piston ifika esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile) - le parameter ibizwa ngokuthi. ukucindezela.Ezinjini zikaphethiloli, ukucindezelwa kusebangeni lama-atmospheres angama-9-12, kumayunithi edizili leli pharamitha lingama-atmospheres angama-22-32.Ukuze kuzuzwe ukucindezela okudingekile, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwegumbi elivuthayo - le nkinga ixazululwa ngamasongo e-piston.
Amasongo ePiston enza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:
● Ukuvalwa kwegumbi elivuthayo - usayizi wendandatho ukhethwa ngokufana ncamashí nobubanzi bangaphakathi besilinda, okuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamagesi asuka egumbini elivuthayo aye ku-crankcase;
● Ukunciphisa amandla okungqubuzana - indawo yokungqubuzana yamasongo ezindongeni ze-cylinder incane kakhulu kunendawo ye-piston, okunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-friction yezingxenye ze-CPG;
● Isinxephezelo sokunwetshwa okushisayo kwezinto ze-CPG - ama-piston namasilinda enziwe ngama-alloys ahlukahlukene anama-coefficients ahlukene wokunwetshwa kokushisa, ukwethulwa kwamasongo kuvimbela ukuminyana kwamapiston kanye nokushintsha kokucindezela lapho izinga lokushisa lenjini likhuphuka futhi lehla;
● Ukugcotshwa kwezindonga zesilinda kanye nokususwa kwamafutha amaningi (okuvimba ukuthi angangeni emakamelweni avuthayo futhi kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa uwoyela ngenxa yemfucumfucu) - amasongo omklamo okhethekile aqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamafutha amaningi ezindongeni zesilinda ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, kodwa shiya ifilimu yamafutha edingekayo ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana;
● Ukupholisa kwezindonga zepiston - ingxenye yokushisa evela ku-piston isuswa ezindongeni zesilinda ngamasongo.
Kulula ukubona ukuthi izindandatho ze-piston zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-CPG kanye nokusebenza kwayo yonke iyunithi yamandla.Noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle nokugqoka kwamasongo kubonakaliswa ukulahlekelwa amandla enjini kanye nokuwohloka okujwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwayo, ngakho lezi zingxenye kufanele zishintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga noma uku-oda izindandatho ezintsha, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo ezikhona zalezi zingxenye, ukwakheka kwazo nezici zomsebenzi.
Piston kanye piston izindandatho
Izinhlobo, umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwamasongo e-piston
Izinhlobo ezimbili zamasongo zifakwe ku-piston eyodwa:
● Ukucindezela (ngaphezulu);
● Ama-oil scrapers (aphansi).
Zonke izindandatho zitholakala kuma-grooves aguquguqukayo (ama-grooves) wephrofayili engunxande, eyenziwe yasondelana nekhanda le-piston.Izindandatho zezinhlobo ezahlukene ziyehluka ngokuklama kanye nenjongo.
Izindandatho zokucindezela zihlinzeka ngokuvaleka kwegumbi elivuthayo, izindandatho eyodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu zingafakwa ku-piston eyodwa (eyodwa ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinezithuthuthu, ezimbili ezinjinini eziningi zesimanje ezine-stroke, ezintathu kwezinye izinjini zikadizili). zitholakala engxenyeni engenhla yepiston.Ngokwesakhiwo, izindandatho zokucindezela zilula kakhulu: lokhu kuyindandatho yensimbi ekhishwayo, ukusika okwenziwe ngendlela elula (eqondile, e-oblique) noma yokukhiya okuyinkimbinkimbi, kwezinye izindandatho kukhiye kukhona ikhefu lokumisa.Ilokhi inegebe elincane (ama-micrometer amaningana), okusebenza ukukhokhela ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwengxenye ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini.
Izindandatho zenziwe ngensimbi noma amamaki akhethekile ensimbi ekhonjiwe, indawo yawo yangaphandle (yokusebenza) ingaba nephrofayili ehlukile:
● Ifulethi elilula - kulesi simo, iringi inesiphambano esingunxande noma ingxenye esesimweni se-quadrilateral engavamile;
● I-Radius (i-barrel-shape) - indawo yangaphandle yendandatho iyi-arc yesiyingi se-radius enkulu;
● Nge-chamfer - i-chamfer yokuphakama encane yenziwa endaweni yangaphandle;
● "Iminithi" izindandatho - indawo yangaphandle ine-slope ukuya phezulu, i-angle yokuthambekela ingamashumi amaningana emizuzu ye-arc, ngenxa yokuthi izindandatho zinegama lawo.
Iphrofayili eyisicaba inezindandatho zokucindezela eziphezulu, eziphoqeleka ukuthi zisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi ezimweni zokugcoba okunganele.Ukuze unciphise ukuguga, indawo yokusebenza yengxenye i-chrome-plated, i-phosphated, i-tin coated noma iphathwe ngenye indlela.Indandatho enjalo iseduze ngokuphelele nesibuko se-cylinder ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ihlinzeka ngokufaka uphawu nokususwa kokushisa ku-piston.
Izindandatho ezingezansi zivame ukuba nephrofayili eyinkimbinkimbi.Izindandatho zemiphongolo azikwazi ukumelana nokungqubuzana ngenkathi zigcina izinga elanele lokuvaleka.Izindandatho "zamaminithi", ngenxa yokuthambekela kwendawo esebenzayo, zinciphisa amandla okungqubuzana: lapho i-piston ihamba phansi (ku-stroke esebenzayo), indandatho iyaslayida eduze kwesibuko se-cylinder esinomphetho ocijile, futhi lapho ihambela phezulu, indandatho ikhishwe esibukweni sesilinda ngenxa ye-wedge kawoyela ewumphumela.
Izindandatho ze-oil scraper ziqinisekisa ukusabalalisa okulungile kwefilimu yamafutha phezu kobuso besilinda futhi kuvimbele amafutha ukuba angangeni ekamelweni elivuthayo (lisuse esibukweni se-cylinder).Kusetshenziswa indandatho eyodwa ku-piston eyodwa, lezi zingxenye azikho kuma-pistons ezinjini ezine-stroke (njengoba uwoyela ufakwa ngqo kuphethiloli).Ngokuvamile, izindandatho ze-oil scraper zine-design eyinhlanganisela, ehlanganisa izindandatho ngokwazo kanye nama-expander.
Piston izindandatho kanye nohlelo lwazo lwesenzo
Izindandatho ze-oil scraper yilezi:
● Ucezu olulodwa - indandatho emise okuka-U ebheke esisekelweni sepiston.Esisekelweni kukhona uchungechunge lwezimbobo eziyindilinga noma ezinde lapho uwoyela ukhipha amanzi;
● Inhlanganisela - izindandatho ezimbili ezincane (ezihlukene) zisetshenziswa, phakathi kwazo kukhona isici se-spacer.
Izici ze-Spacer yilezi:
● I-Radial - hlinzeka ngokucindezela kwamasongo odongeni lwesilinda;
● I-Axial - isetshenziswa kuphela ngokuhambisana nezindandatho ezihlanganisiwe, inikeza ukukhishwa kwamasongo;
● I-Tangential - ama-elementi e-spacer ahlanganisiwe, ahlinzeka ngokunwetshwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamasongo kanye nokucindezela kwawo odongeni lwesilinda.
Izakhi ze-spacer ziyipuleti (flat) noma iziphethu eziboshiwe ezishumekwe phakathi noma ngaphansi kwamasongo, isiphethu esisodwa noma ezimbili kuphela zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingasetshenziswa eringini ye-scraper kawoyela.
Indandatho ye-oil scraper icindezelwa odongeni lwesilinda futhi, ngenxa yokuklama kwayo, iqinisekisa ukususwa kwefilimu yamafutha ngokweqile.Amafutha aqoqiwe angena emgodini ngezimbobo eziseringini, ukusuka lapho ephumela khona kukhrenki yenjini ngezimbobo ezisodongeni lwepiston.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yamafutha ihlala isesimweni sefilimu encane yamafutha odongeni lwesilinda, okunciphisa ukungqubuzana kuyo yonke i-CPG.
Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha izindandatho ze-piston
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, izindandatho ze-piston zingaphansi kwemithwalo ebalulekile yemishini neyokushisa, okuholela ekugqokeni kwazo kancane kancane nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza.Njengoba izindandatho ziguga, ziyayeka ukwenza imisebenzi yazo, okuholela ekwehleni kokucindezelwa, ukuphuma kwamagesi ku-crankcase namafutha angena egumbini elivuthayo.Futhi inkinga engathi sína "ukupheka" kwezindandatho (i-jamming ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwe-carbon deposits emigodini ye-piston).Ngenxa yalokho, injini ilahlekelwa amandla kanye nokuphendula kwe-throttle, i-exhaust ithola isici esimpunga noma ngisho ne-black tint, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli namafutha kuyanda.Lapho lezi zimpawu zivela, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga injini - hlola ukucindezelwa, hlola amakhandlela nezinye izingxenye.Uma ukucindezela kuphansi kakhulu, amakhandlela afafazwa ngamafutha futhi kunezinkinga ngokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla, khona-ke izindandatho ze-piston kufanele zishintshwe.
Ukuze ushintshe, kufanele ukhethe izindandatho kuphela zalezo zinhlobo nezinombolo zekhathalogi ezinikezwe le njini ethile.Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngemva kokwenza ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini ngamasilinda ayisicefe, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amasongo osayizi wokukhanda afanele ama-piston amasha.
Ukushintshwa kwamasongo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa iyunithi yamandla.Ngokuvamile, lo msebenzi udinga ukuqaqa injini nokuhlehlisa ama-pistons.Izindandatho ezindala ziyasuswa futhi ama-grooves ahlanzwa kahle.Amaringi amasha kufanele abekwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yezimpawu "Phezulu" noma "Phezulu" kuwo.Lapho ufaka izindandatho, izikhala phakathi kwendawo eseceleni yengxenye kanye nodonga lwe-groove ku-piston, kanye nokukhiya kwendandatho efakwe ku-cylinder, kuyahlolwa.Zonke izimvume kufanele zibe ngaphakathi kwemingcele esungulwe injini.Amasongo atholakala ku-piston ukuze izingidi zabo zingalali emgqeni ofanayo futhi zingawi e-axis yezimbobo zeminwe - yile ndlela i-labyrinth eyakhiwe ngayo evimbela ukuqhuma kwamagesi avela ekamelweni elivuthayo.
Lapho ufaka i-piston enamasongo amasha kusilinda, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-mandrel ekhethekile ecindezela izindandatho ngokumelene nepiston.Ngemva kokufaka amasongo e-piston, kunconywa ukuthi ugijime enjini - ungadlulisi isivinini se-800-1000 km yokuqala futhi ulayishe injini ngamandla ayingxenye, ekupheleni kwe-break-in, kufanele ushintshe uwoyela wenjini. .
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwamasongo e-piston, injini izophinde ithole amandla ayo angaphambili futhi izosebenza ngokuzethemba kuzo zonke izindlela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023