Emotweni enamabhuleki omoya, kunikezwa indawo yokupaka kanye ne-spare (noma insiza) yokulawula ukubhuleka - i-crane ye-pneumatic manual.Funda konke mayelana nama-valve ama-brake okupaka, izinhlobo zawo, ukuklama nezimiso zokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalezi zixhobo esihlokweni.
Iyini i-valve yebhuleki yokupaka?
I-valve ye-brake yokupaka (i-valve ye-brake yesandla) - isici sokulawula sesistimu ye-brake nge-pneumatic drive;i-crane yesandla edizayinelwe ukulawula izisetshenziswa zokukhishwa kwemoto (iziqoqeli zamandla entwasahlobo) eziyingxenye yokupaka kanye nezinhlelo eziyisipele noma ezisizayo zokubhuleka.
Indawo yokupaka kanye nesipele (futhi kwezinye izimo asizayo) amabhuleki ezimoto ezinamasistimu wokubhuleka we-pneumatic akhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sama-spring energy accumulators (EA).Ama-EA adala amandla adingekayo ukuze ucindezele amabhuleki amabhuleki ngokumelene nesigubhu ngenxa yentwasahlobo, futhi ukuvimbela kwenziwa ngokunikeza umoya ocindezelwe ku-EA.Lesi sixazululo sinikeza ithuba lokubhuleka ngisho nalapho kungekho umoya ocindezelwe ohlelweni futhi kudala izimo zokusebenza okuphephile kwemoto.Ukunikezwa komoya ku-EA kulawulwa mathupha ngumshayeli esebenzisa ivalvu yokubhuleka yokupaka ekhethekile (noma umane umshini womoya osebenza ngesandla).
I-valve yebhuleki yokupaka inemisebenzi eminingana:
● Ukunikezwa komoya ocindezelwe ku-EA ukuze kudedelwe imoto;
● Ukukhishwa komoya ocindezelwe ku-EA ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili ukopha komoya okuphelele lapho ubeka ibhuleki lokupaka, futhi ingxenye lapho ibhuleki eliyisipele / elisizayo lisebenza;
● Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwebhuleki lokupaka ezitimeleni (ogandaganda abanama-trailer).
I-crane ye-parking brake ingenye yezilawuli ezinkulu zamaloli, amabhasi nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezinama-air brakes.Ukusebenza okungalungile kwalolu cingo noma ukuphuka kwalo kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo, ngakho-ke i-crane engalungile kufanele ilungiswe noma ishintshwe.Ukuze ukhethe i-crane efanele, udinga ukuqonda izinhlobo ezikhona zalawa madivayisi, ukuklama kwawo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.
Izinhlobo, umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-crane ye-brake yokupaka
Ama-valve amabhuleki okupaka ahlukile ngokuklama nokusebenza (inombolo yezikhonkwane).Ngokuklama, ama-cranes alandelayo:
● Ngenkinobho yokulawula ejikayo;
● Nge-lever yokulawula.
I-valve yebhuleki yokupaka enesibambo esijikelezayo
I-valve yebhuleki yokupaka enesibambo esichezukile
Ukusebenza kwazo zombili izinhlobo zama-cranes kusekelwe ezimisweni ezifanayo, futhi umehluko ulele ekwakhiweni kwedrayivu kanye neminye imininingwane yokulawula - lokhu kuxoxwa ngezansi.
Ngokusebenza, ama-cranes alandelayo:
● Ukulawula uhlelo lokubhuleka lwemoto eyodwa noma ibhasi;
● Ukulawula uhlelo lokubhuleka lwesitimela somgwaqo (ugandaganda onenqola).
Ku-crane yohlobo lokuqala, kunikezwa imiphumela emithathu kuphela, kudivayisi yohlobo lwesibili - ezine.Futhi kuma-cranes ezitimeleni zomgwaqo, kungenzeka ukuvala okwesikhashana uhlelo lwe-trailer brake ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwebhuleki lokupaka likagandaganda.
Wonke ama-valve amabhuleki okupaka anesigaba esisodwa, isenzo esibuyela emuva (njengoba ehlinzeka ngokudlula komoya endaweni eyodwa kuphela - ukusuka kubamukeli kuya ku-EA, nokusuka ku-EA kuya emkhathini).Idivayisi ihlanganisa i-valve yokulawula, idivayisi yokulandelela uhlobo lwe-piston, i-actuator ye-valve kanye nenani lezinto ezisizayo.Zonke izingxenye zibekwe ebhokisini lensimbi elinemikhondo emithathu noma emine:
● Ukuhlinzekwa ngabamukeli (umoya ocindezelwe);
● Ukuhoxiswa ku-EA;
● Khidela emkhathini;
Kuma-cranes ezitimeleni zomgwaqo, ukuphuma ku-valve yokulawula amabhuleki ye-trailer / i-semi-trailer.
Idrayivu ye-crane, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ingakhiwa ngesisekelo sesibambo esijikayo noma i-lever ephambukile.Esimweni sokuqala, isiqu se-valve siqhutshwa yi-screw groove eyenziwe ngaphakathi kwekhava yomzimba, lapho i-cap yomhlahlandlela ihamba lapho isibambo siphendulwa.Lapho isibambo siphendulwa ngokwewashi, ikepisi kanye nesiqu siyehliswa, lapho siphendulwa ngokuphambene newashi, siyakhuphuka, esinikeza ukulawula kwe-valve.Kukhona nesivalo kukhava ejikajikayo, okuthi uma isibambo siphendulwa, sicindezele ivalve yokuhlola ibhuleki eyengeziwe.
Esimweni sesibili, i-valve ilawulwa yikhamera yomumo othile oxhunywe esibambo.Lapho isibambo sichezukiswa ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye, ikhamera icindezela isiqu se-valve noma iyikhulule, ilawule ukugeleza komoya.Kuzo zombili izimo, izibambo zinendlela yokukhiya ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhoxiswa kulezi zikhundla kwenziwa ngokudonsa isibambo nge-axis yayo.Futhi kuma-cranes anesibambo esiphambukile, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwebhuleki yokupaka kwenziwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokucindezela isibambo eduze kwe-axis yayo.
Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-valve ye-brake yokupaka esimweni esivamile simi kanje.Esimeni esinqunyiwe ngokwedlulele sesibambo, esihambisana nebhuleki yokupaka evaliwe, i-valve ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi umoya ovela kubamukeli ungene ngokukhululekile ku-EA, ukhulule imoto.Lapho ibhuleki lokupaka lisebenza, isibambo siyiswa endaweni yesibili engaguquki, i-valve isabalalisa kabusha ukugeleza komoya ngendlela yokuthi umoya ovela kwabamukeli uvinjwe, futhi ama-EA axhumane nomoya - ukucindezela kuwo kuyehla, ama-springs ahlanzekile futhi anikeze ukubhuleka kwemoto.
Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi zesibambo, idivayisi yokulandelela iqala ukusebenza - lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-brake eyisipele noma eyisizayo.Ngokuchezuka kancane kwesibambo esivela ku-EA, inani elithile lomoya liyakhishwa futhi amaphedi asondele kusigubhu sebhuleki - ukubhuleka okudingekayo kwenzeka.Lapho isibambo simiswa kule ndawo (sibanjwe ngesandla), idivayisi yokulandelela iyaqalwa, evimbela umugqa womoya ovela ku-EA - umoya uyayeka ukuphuma futhi ingcindezi ku-EA ihlala njalo.Ngokuqhubeka nokunyakaza kwesibambo ohlangothini olufanayo, umoya ophuma ku-EA uphinde wophe bese kwenzeka ukubhuleka okuqine kakhulu.Lapho isibambo sihamba siye kolunye uhlangothi, umoya unikezwa usuka kwabamukeli uye ku-EA, okuholela ekuvinjweni kwemoto.Ngakho-ke, ukuqina kokubhuleka kuhambisana ne-engeli yokuchezuka kwesibambo, okuqinisekisa ukulawula okunethezeka kwemoto uma kwenzeka kuba nesistimu yamabhuleki yesevisi enephutha noma kwezinye izimo.
Kuma-cranes ezitimeleni zomgwaqo, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlole ibhuleki yokupaka ye-lever.Isheke elinjalo lenziwa ngokuhambisa isibambo endaweni efanele ngokulandela isikhundla se-braking egcwele (ukusebenzisa ibhuleki yokupaka), noma ngokuyicindezela.Kulokhu, i-valve ekhethekile inikeza ukukhululeka kwengcindezi kusuka kumugqa wokulawula wesistimu ye-brake ye-trailer / semi-trailer, okuholela ekukhululweni kwayo.Ngenxa yalokho, ugandaganda uhlala ubhulekilwe yiziphethu ze-EA kuphela, futhi i-semi-trailer ayivinjelwanga ngokuphelele.Isheke elinjalo likuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kahle kwebhuleki lokupaka likagandaganda wesitimela somgwaqo lapho upaka emithambekeni noma kwezinye izimo.
I-valve yebhuleki yokupaka ifakwe kudeshibhodi yemoto noma phansi ekhabetheni eduze kwesihlalo somshayeli (ngakwesokudla), ixhunywe ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic ngamapayipi amathathu noma amane.Imibhalo ebhaliwe isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwe-crane noma emzimbeni wayo ukugwema amaphutha ekulawuleni isistimu yamabhuleki.
Izinkinga zokukhethwa, ukushintshwa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-crane yamabhuleki okupaka
I-valve ye-brake yokupaka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto ihlala ingaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi ibhekene namathonya ahlukahlukene amabi, ngakho-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu okungasebenzi kahle.Ngokuvamile, ama-caps, ama-valve, iziphethu kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokuvala ziyahluleka.Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-crane kutholwa ngokusebenza okungalungile kwalo lonke uhlelo lokupaka lwemoto.Ngokuvamile, uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka kwalesi yunithi, akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa noma, ngokuphambene, ukukhulula imoto.Ukuvuza komoya okuvela empompini nakho kungenzeka ngenxa yokuvaleka kahle kokuhlangana kwamatheminali ngamapayipi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemifantu nokuphuka kwezindlu.
I-crane engalungile iyahlakazwa emotweni, ihlakazwe bese itholwa ngamaphutha.Uma inkinga isezimpahleni noma ku-cap, khona-ke izingxenye zingashintshwa - zivame ukunikezwa kumishini yokulungisa.Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka okubi kakhulu, i-crane iyashintsha ekuhlanganiseni.Idivayisi yohlobo olufanayo nemodeli efakwe ngaphambili emotweni kufanele ithathwe ukuze ishintshwe.Akwamukelekile ukufaka ama-cranes angu-3-lead kugandaganda asebenza ngama-trailer / ama-semi-trailer, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuhlela ukulawulwa kwesistimu ye-trailer brake ngosizo lwabo.Futhi, i-crane kufanele ihambisane nendala ngokwengcindezi yokusebenza kanye nobukhulu bokufaka.
Ukushintshwa kwe-crane kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa imoto.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okulandelayo, le divayisi ihlolwe njalo, uma kunesidingo, izimpawu zishintshwa kuwo.Ukusebenza kwe-crane kufanele kuhambisane nenqubo esungulwe umenzi wemoto - kuphela kulesi simo lonke uhlelo lokubhuleka luzosebenza kahle futhi luthembekile kuzo zonke izimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023