Ukuze ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinhlelo eziningi zezimoto, amapayipi amelana nowoyela, uphethiloli nezinye izindawo ezinolaka ayadingeka.Amapayipi amelana nowoyela nophethiloli (MBS), amapayipi namashubhu asetshenziswa njengamapayipi anjalo - funda ngale mikhiqizo, izinhlobo zayo, ukwakheka kanye nezici kulesi sihloko.
Iyini ipayipi elimelana nowoyela?
Ukumelana nowoyela nophethiloliipayipi (ipayipi le-MBS, ipayipi le-MBS) ipayipi eliguquguqukayo eliklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka (ukuhlinzeka, ukuphampa) uphethiloli, uphethiloli wedizili, uwoyela, uketshezi lwamabhuleki neminye imikhiqizo ye-petroleum, kanye nezinto ezipholile, izixazululo ze-asidi ezibuthakathaka kanye neminye imidiya enolaka olubuthakathaka.
Amapayipi e-MBS asetshenziselwa ukuxhumeka kwe-hermetic yezingxenye kuphethiloli, uwoyela, amabhuleki nezinye izinhlelo zezimoto, kuma-hydraulic systems wemishini yokukhiqiza umfutho ophansi nophezulu, ukupompa imikhiqizo ye-petroleum phakathi kwamathangi nemishini ehlukahlukene, njll. Ngokungafani namapayipi ensimbi aqinile, amapayipi. vumela ukugudluzwa kwezingxenye zesistimu ngokuhlobene, zimelana nokuguqulwa kanye nemiphumela emibi kahle.Konke lokhu kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwamapayipi e-MBS emagatsheni ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe, izimboni, njll.
Izinhlobo nezici zamapayipi we-MBS
Amapayipi we-MBS (amahosi) ahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinto eziyinhloko zokwenziwa, inhloso nokusebenziseka, kanye nezici.
Ngokusho kwezinto zokwenziwa, ama-hoses alandelayo:
• Irabha - izingqimba zangaphakathi nezingaphandle ze-hose (imikhono) zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenjoloba eziphikisana noketshezi oluthile namagesi;
• I-PVC - ipayipi yenziwe ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-polyvinyl chloride namanye ama-polymers amelana nezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezinolaka.
Ngokusho kwenhloso, amapayipi we-MBS ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
• Ukucindezela - okuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyengeziwe (kusuka emkhathini nangaphezulu), izinyathelo zithathwe ekwakhiweni kwazo ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka kwezindonga uketshezi olujovwe;
• Ukudonsa - okuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe (ngezansi komkhathi), izinyathelo zithathwe ekwakhiweni kwazo ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa kwezindonga ngaphansi kwesenzo se-vacuum (ukugcina isigaba esiphambanayo sangaphakathi njalo);
• Ingcindezi yendawo yonke.
Ngokusho kokusebenza, ama-hoses angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana:
• Ukuze kusetshenziswe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, izitolo zokukhanda izimoto nakwezinye izimo ngaphandle kokushumeka ipayipi ezimotweni noma kwezinye izinto zokusebenza;
• Okwamasistimu amafutha emoto;
• Ngezinhlelo zokubhuleka zezimoto kusetshenziswa uketshezi olusebenzayo olusekelwe kumafutha amaminerali nawokwenziwa;
• Okwezinhlelo ezisebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi ezimotweni, imishini yezimoto, imishini yezolimo, izimboni nezinye izinto zokusebenza;
• Okokusebenza okuthela uphethiloli (okuphampa amafutha namafutha, ukuhlinzeka ngamafutha kumthengi, njll.).
Ekugcineni, amapayipi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili maqondana nogesi omile:
• Amapayipi avamile;
• Amapayipi aphansi ukuze aphambukise ugesi omile.
Ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi ohlobo lwesibili, kunikezwa umugqa wethusi, odlala indima yokubeka phansi.Lawa mapayipi e-MBS asetshenziswa emishinini yokugcwalisa amafutha nemishini, kumishini yezimboni, njll.
Ezicini zezithiyo ze-SBS, kufanele kuqashelwe:
• Ingcindezi yokusebenza - yokumunca - 0.09 MPa (ama-atmospheres angu-0.9), ukuze kukhishwe - ububanzi obujwayelekile buka-0.1, 0.16, 0.25, 0.4, 0.63, 1.0, 1.6, 2.5, 4, 6.3 kanye no-10 MPa (kusuka ku-0 emkhathini ukuya ku-10) ;
• Ububanzi bangaphakathi - kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-25 mm (amapayipi e-PVC) futhi kusukela ku-4 kuya ku-100 mm (amapayipi erabha);
• Ububanzi bangaphandle - kuncike ebukhulu bezindonga, uhlobo lwe-braid, ukuba khona kokuqiniswa, njll Njengomthetho, ububanzi obungaphandle bukhulu izikhathi ezingu-1.5-3 kunobubanzi obungaphakathi;
• Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanele kushiwo mayelana nepharamitha yokugcina.Namuhla, amapayipi e-MBS akhiqizwa ezindaweni ezintathu zezulu, ahluke emazingeni okushisa amabi avumelekile:
• Ezimweni ezipholile - kufika ku -35 ° C;
• Ezimweni ezishisayo - kufika ku -20 ° C;
• Ezimweni ezibandayo - kufika ku -50 ° C.
Ukushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu kwawo wonke ama-hoses kuyafana - kufika ku-+70 ° C wamafutha (uphethiloli, uphalafini, uphethiloli wedizili) kuze kufike ku-+100 ° C wamafutha.
Ukwakhiwa kwepayipi le-MBS
Amapayipi e-PVC (amashubhu) ahlelwa kalula kakhulu.Esimweni esilula, lena i-hose, ezindongeni lapho kukhona i-textile noma i-wire braid.Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi zamashubhu e-PVC - anongqimba lwangaphakathi olumelana kakhulu nezibaseli, uwoyela nolunye uketshezi.Ukuqiniswa kungatholakala kungqimba lwangaphandle noma phakathi kwezingqimba.
Amapayipi enjoloba ngokuklama ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:
• Ukungaqinisiwe ngokuqiniswa kwentambo (GOST 10362-76);
• Ukungaqiniswa ngentambo / ukuqinisa izindwangu kanye nohlaka lwendwangu (GOST 18698-79);
• Ukuqiniswa kwezinhlobo ezifanayo (GOST 5398-76).
Amapayipi angaqinisiwe anokuqinisa intambo ahlelwa kalula, ayisakhiwo esinezendlalelo ezintathu:
Isakhiwo sepayipi lerabha eliqinisiwe le-MBS
1.I-layer yangaphakathi iyirabha ekwazi ukumelana namafutha, amafutha nokunye okuwuketshezi;
2.I-Thread / textile reinforcement - i-braid eyenziwe nge-synthetic, ukotini noma izintambo ezihlanganisiwe / izindwangu, zingenziwa ngezigaba ezingu-1-6;
3.Isendlalelo sangaphandle siyirabha ephikisana namathonya amabi emvelo, amafutha kanye namafutha, amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, njll.
Amapayipi anefreyimu yendwangu aqukethe isendlalelo sangaphandle esengeziwe - i-textile braid eyenziwe ngendwangu yokwenziwa, ukotini noma ehlangene.Uhlaka lulinyazwe ku-hose ngezingqimba eziningana.Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lubizwa ngokuthi i-durite noma amapayipi ane-durite braiding.
Emapayipini aqinisiwe, ungqimba lwenjoloba oluphakathi luyengezwa, lapho ucingo lwensimbi noma lwethusi (ngokwezindinganiso zasekhaya) noma insimbi encane yensimbi ifakwa.Ukuqiniswa kungaqukatha isendlalelo esisodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa kunemikhono ekhethekile ene-multi-layer reinforcement eqinisiwe.Umugqa womhlabathi wethusi ungatholakala kungqimba olufanayo lwepayipi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamapayipi enjoloba afakwe ekugcineni ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili.Ama-hoses anjalo, njengomthetho, aklanyelwe ukufakwa ezingxenyeni ezithile, imihlangano nezinhlelo zezimoto nezinye izinto zokusebenza, zinqunywe usayizi oyifunayo futhi zibe nezici ezidingekayo.
Izici, i-nomenclature nokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi enjoloba we-MBS kulawulwa yilokhu okungenhla namanye amazinga.Amapayipi afanayo e-PVC awanayo indinganiso eyodwa, akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nokucaciswa okuhlukile.
Izinkinga zokukhetha nokusebenza kwamapayipi we-MBS
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapayipi amelana nowoyela
Lapho ukhetha amapayipi amelana nowoyela, kuyadingeka ukunaka inhloso yawo yesikhathi esizayo kanye nezimo lapho le mikhiqizo izosebenza khona.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngasese ngenhloso yokupompa uphethiloli noma uwoyela, ipayipi le-PVC elingabizi lanele - lilula, kulula ukuligcina futhi lisebenziseka kalula (izindonga ezisobala zikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kokugeleza kwamanzi, njll.).
Ukuze kulungiswe uphethiloli, ukugcoba, ukubhuleka nezinye izinhlelo lapho kugcinwa khona ingcindezi eyengeziwe yendawo yokusebenza, kufanele kusetshenziswe amapayipi enjoloba e-MBS.Lapho uthenga, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ububanzi obungaphakathi obufanele kanye nezici - ingcindezi yokusebenza kanye nobubanzi bokushisa.Kulokhu, kuyadingeka futhi ukunakekela ama-clamps kanye nokufakwa kokuphela kokufakwa kwe-hose.
Imvamisa, ukulungiswa kwezinhlelo ezithile, izakhi kanye nemihlangano, kudayiswa amapayipi anemishini yokuphela efakiwe kakade - lesi yisixazululo esifanele esisindisa isikhathi nemali (ngoba asikho isidingo sokusika ipayipi ngobude bese ufaka okokufaka), futhi inikeza ukwethembeka okukhulu kwesistimu.
Ezimbonini nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, kuyadingeka ukukhetha amapayipi e-MBS anezici ezithile, kufaka phakathi amathuba okumisa phansi, imikhiqizo enobubanzi obukhulu, amapayipi ohlobo oluthile loketshezi, njll.
Qeda ukufakwa kwamapayipi we-MBS
Ukuze ukhethe kahle i-hose, udinga ukunaka ukumakwa kwayo.Ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso, ukumaka kufaka phakathi inkomba yobubanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle, ingcindezi yokusebenza, ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-GOST, ehambisana nalo mkhiqizo.Isibonelo, ukumaka "Hose 20x30-1 GOST 10362-76" kusho ukuthi ipayipi ine-diameter yangaphakathi engu-20 mm, ububanzi obungaphandle obungama-30 mm, ingcindezi yokusebenza ye-MPa engu-1 futhi yakhelwe ukusebenza ezindaweni ezipholile nezishisayo. .Ukuba khona kwezinhlamvu "HL" kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ipayipi ezindaweni ezibandayo.Amapayipi amelana nowoyela nophethiloli ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 18698-79 amakwe ngohlobo lwe-"Sleeve B (I) -10-50-64-T" - lapho u-"B (I)" esho ukusebenza komkhiqizo ukusebenza ngophethiloli namafutha, idijithi yokuqala ingcindezi yokusebenza emkhathini, izinombolo ezimbili zokugcina ziyi-diameter yangaphakathi nangaphandle, incwadi yokugcina ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu ("T" - sezulu esishisayo, "U" - esishisayo , "HL" - kubanda).Amapayipi ngokusho kwe-GOST 5398-76 anophawu olufanayo lohlobo "Hose B-2-25-10 GOST 5398-76", lapho "B-2" kungukusebenza komkhiqizo wokusebenza ngamafutha namafutha, "25 " ububanzi obungaphakathi (ububanzi obungaphandle abubonisiwe), futhi u-10 ukucindezela kokusebenza emkhathini.Iphinde ibonise inguqulo yesimo sezulu (yesimo sezulu esishisayo - esingamakiwe, esishisayo - "T", ngokubanda - "HL").
Ukwazi lokhu, ungakhetha kalula i-hose edingekayo, futhi uxazulule ngokuzethemba imisebenzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2023