Inqwaba yamayunithi agibele afakwe ezinjinini zogandaganda be-MTZ (Belarus) ine-classic belt drive esekelwe ku-V-belt.Funda konke mayelana namabhande e-MTZ, izici zokuklama kwawo, izinhlobo, izici nokusebenziseka kwawo, kanye nokukhetha kwawo okulungile nokushintshwa kwawo.
Liyini ibhande le-MTZ?
Ibhande le-MTZ - amabhande enjoloba angapheli (indandatho) e-wedge cross-section, asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa i-torque esuka ku-crankshaft kuya kuma-pulleys amayunithi agibele ama-tractor akhiqizwa yiMinsk Tractor Plant (MTZ, Belarus).
Ngokwesisekelo sokudluliswa kwe-V-belt, amadrayivu emishini ehlukahlukene akhiwa, okufanele asebenze lapho injini isebenza: iphampu yamanzi, isiphephetha-moya sokupholisa, ijeneretha kagesi, i-compressor yomoya kanye ne-compressor ye-air conditioner.I-belt drive isetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa ama-pulleys afakwe ku-crankshaft yenjini kanye nama-shaft amayunithi, kanye nebhande lerabha lephrofayili efanele nobude.Lokhu kushayela kulula futhi kuthembekile, kodwa ibhande lingaphansi kokugqoka nokulimala, ngakho-ke kufanele lishintshwe njalo.Ukuze ukhethe kahle ibhande, kubalulekile ukwazi mayelana nezinhlobo zale mikhiqizo esetshenziswa kugandaganda we-MTZ, izici zabo nokusebenza kwazo.
Izinhlobo, izici kanye nokusebenza kwamabhande e-MTZ
Ezingxenyeni zamandla zemishini yesitshalo saseMinsk, amabhande enjoloba ajwayelekile asetshenziswa, ahluke ngezigaba eziphambanayo, iphrofayili, uhlobo lwentambo, ubukhulu kanye nokusebenza.
Wonke amabhande anomklamo ojwayelekile.Zisekelwe phezu koqweqwe oluthwala umthwalo - intambo, efakwe ngaphakathi komzimba webhande elenziwe ngenjoloba ene-vulcanized ngandlela-thile, futhi indawo yangaphandle ivikelwe ngendwangu yokugoqa.Ngokusho kohlobo lwesendlalelo esithwala umthwalo, amabhande ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
● Ngentambo ye-polyamide (inayiloni);
● Ngentambo ye-polyester.
Amabhande e-MTZ angama-V-belt - ingxenye yawo ephambanayo iyiweji enesisekelo esiyisicaba noma esibanzi esibanzi kanye nesisekelo esincane esiqondile.Imikhiqizo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngesilinganiso sobubanzi nobude:
● Uhlobo I - amabhande anesiphambano esincane;
● Uhlobo II - amabhande ahlukene ajwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yazo zombili izigaba ingaba nephrofayili ehlukile (uhlobo lwesisekelo esiwumngcingo):
● Ibhande elibushelelezi - elinesisekelo esincane esiqondile;
● Ibhande lesikhathi - amazinyo anentambo enqamulayo enziwa phezu kwesisekelo esiwumngcingo.
Isakhiwo sebhande le-V
Amabhande esikhathi anwebeka kakhulu futhi ane-radius encane yokugoba, efinyelela ukuthembeka okwengeziwe kwe-belt drive.Kodwa-ke, emzimbeni wamabhande abushelelezi, imithwalo isakazwa ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke ihlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinomthwalo owandayo wemishini nokushisa.
Ogandaganda be-MTZ basebenzisa amabhande amaningi, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngokusebenza:
● Ogandaganda abanezinjini zemigqa ye-D-242, D-243, D-245 (amamodeli angaphambili namanje MTZ-80/82, 100/102, amamodeli ayisisekelo Belarus-550, 900, 1025, 1220.1);
● Ngogandaganda abanezinjini ze-D-260, D-265 imigqa (amamodeli ayisisekelo Belarus-1221, 1502, 1523, 2022);
● Ngogandaganda abanenjini ye-Lombardini (amamodeli ayisisekelo Belarus-320, 622).
Ngokusho kwenhloso, amabhande ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
● Ukushayela kwepompo yamanzi (ibhande elinesiphambano se-16 × 11 mm, ubude be-1220 mm, bushelelezi);
● Iphampu yamanzi nedrayivu yefeni (ibhande elinesiphambano esingu-11×10 mm, 1250 mm bushelelezi, namazinyo);
● I-pneumatic compressor drive (ibhande elinesiphambano se-11 × 10 mm, ubude be-1250 mm bushelelezi futhi linamazinyo, ibhande elinesiphambano se-11 × 10 ubude obungu-875 mm amazinyo ezinjini ze-Lombardini);
● Ukushayela kwe-compressor ye-air conditioner (ibhande elinesiphambano se-11 × 10 mm, ubude be-1650 mm);
● I-Generator drive (ibhande elinesiphambano esingu-11 × 10 mm, ubude 1180 mm bushelelezi namazinyo, ibhande elinesiphambano se-11 × 10 mm, ubude obungu-1150 mm, ibhande elinesiphambano esingu-11 × 10 mm, ubude. 975 mm enamazinyo ezinjini zeLombardini).
Amabhande athandwa kakhulu avezwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili - abushelelezi futhi anamazinyo, anomklamo wesimo sezulu ohlukile.Amabhande esikhathi aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesipholile (izinguqulo "T" kanye "U" zezigaba ezihlukahlukene ezinokushisa okusebenzayo okufika ku-+60 ° C), namabhande abushelelezi - ukuze asetshenziswe kuzo zonke izifunda, kuhlanganise nalezo. nezimo zezulu ezibandayo (inguqulo "HL" yezigaba ezihlukahlukene, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lifinyelela ku -60 ° C).Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa ibhande elisha.
Lapha siyaqaphela ukuthi wonke amabhande e-MTZ abizwa ngokuthi amabhande abalandeli ahlangabezana nezidingo ze-GOST 5813-2015 (nezinguqulo zayo zangaphambili).Igama elithi "fan" akufanele lidide - le mikhiqizo yenjoloba amabhande okushayela angasetshenziswa kumayunithi ahlukahlukene.
Ukushayelwa kwebhande kwamayunithi enjini agitsheziwe kungaba umugqa owodwa kanye nomugqa okabili.Esimweni sokuqala, iyunithi ine-V-pulley eyodwa kuphela kanye nokushayela ngebhande elilodwa.Esimweni sesibili, i-pulley ephindwe kabili (emicu emibili) ifakwe kuyunithi kanye ne-crankshaft, lapho kudlula khona amabhande amabili e-V.I-double-row V-belt transmission ithembeke kakhulu, lokhu kubekwa kwamabhande kuyawavimbela ukuthi angajiki futhi kunciphisa amathuba okushelela uma uqala injini kanye nesivinini esikhulu.Namuhla, ezinjini ezihlukahlukene, ifakwe MTZ ogandaganda, ungathola kokubili ongakhetha drive.
Izinkinga zokukhethwa nokushintshwa kwamabhande e-MTZ
Amabhande e-V avezwa amathonya emvelo (ikakhulukazi ku-MTZ wogandaganda wamamodeli amabanga 80, 320, 422, 550, 622, 1025, 1221 anesici sabo senjini evulekile), amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemithwalo ebalulekile yemishini, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aqhekeka. , zeluliwe, zikhishwe futhi ziyeke ukwenza imisebenzi yazo.Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ibhande kufanele lishintshwe.
Ukukhetha ibhande likagandaganda akunzima kakhulu - umkhiqizo omusha kufanele ube ne-cross-section nobude obufana nomdala.Imvamisa, ubukhulu bamabhande buboniswa endaweni yabo engasebenzi (ebanzi), ungathola futhi izici zebhande kusuka emiyalweni noma kukhathalogi yezingxenye ezisele zenjini noma ugandaganda.Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imikhiqizo enesiphambano esingu-11 × 10 mm amabhande anesiphambano esincane (uhlobo I), imikhiqizo enesigaba se-16 × 11 amabhande ane-cross-section evamile (uhlobo II), futhi azishintsheki.Ngakho-ke, uma udinga ibhande lokushayela lepompo lamanzi lenjini ye-D-242, khona-ke ibhande elifanayo elivela enjini ye-D-260 alikwazi ukufakwa endaweni yalo, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Uma injini isebenzisa i-double V-belt drive, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe amabhande womabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ibhande elidala elisele ku-pair lingase libe umthombo wezinkinga futhi.
Isibonelo sokufaka nokulungisa ukungezwani kwamabhande alternator kanye nephampu yamanzi yenjini ye-D-260
Ukunakwa ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni kwamabhande ogandaganda ngokuhambisana nezimo zezulu zezifunda zabo ezikhethiwe zokusebenza.Emishinini esebenza ezindaweni ezibandayo, amabhande abushelelezi kuphela enguqulo ye-"HL" afanelekile.Ukufakwa kwamabhande esikhathi enguqulweni ethi "T" noma "U" ebusika kungabangela ukuphuka - ibhande elinjalo liba lukhuni kakhulu emakhazeni, liqhekeke futhi liwa ngisho nemithwalo emincane.Ogandaganda abasebenza ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngokuphambene nalokho, kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhande ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezishisayo, kufaka phakathi namazinyo - bamelana kangcono nokushisa futhi babe ne-coefficient encane yokwanda, okuvimbela ukuphakama kwabo ngokweqile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Njengomthetho, ukushintsha amabhande kugandaganda we-MTZ akunzima - ezimweni eziningi kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukungezwani kwayo ngokukhulula ukuqiniswa kweyunithi (imvamisa i-generator) noma idivayisi yokucindezela, susa ibhande elidala, ubeke elisha futhi lungisa ukushuba.Ibhande elisha kufanele libe nokushuba kwesimo okutuswe umenzi wenjini futhi licaciswe emiyalweni efanele.Ukuze uthole ukungezwani okufanele kwebhande, kunconywa ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile ene-dynamometer.Ukulungiswa "ngeso" akwamukeleki - ngokungezwani okubuthakathaka, amabhande azoshelela (okungamukeleki ngokuphelele kwamanye amayunithi, isibonelo, ipompo yamanzi, njengoba injini kulokhu izoshisa kakhulu) futhi iguge kakhulu, futhi ukungezwani okuqinile, ibhande lizokwelula futhi lifake isandla ekugugeni okunamandla kwama-bearings nezinye izingxenye zamayunithi.
Ukukhetha okulungile, ukufakwa nokulungiswa kwamabhande e-MTZ drive kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza okuthembekile kwenjini kanye nawo wonke ugandaganda kunoma yiziphi izimo.
I-clamp yepayipi yokukhipha i-tubular
Ama-clamps ama-tubular ayenziwa ngendlela yepayipi emfushane ene-longitudinal cut (noma amapayipi amabili ahlukanisiwe afakwe komunye nomunye) anezinsimbi ezimbili ezihlukanisiwe emaphethelweni.Lolu hlobo lwe-clamp lungasetshenziswa ukuxhuma amapayipi ekupheleni-kuya-ekugcineni kanye nokugqagqana, ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokuqina kokufaka.
Ama-clamps afakwayo
Ama-clamps okufakwayo asetshenziselwa ukulenga i-exhaust tract kanye nezingxenye zayo ngazinye ngaphansi kohlaka / umzimba wemoto.Inombolo yabo ohlelweni ingaba kusuka kweyodwa kuya kwezintathu noma ngaphezulu.Lawa ma-muffler clamp ayizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Hlukanisa okuyisisekelo kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokuma;
- Izigaba ezimbili ezitholakalayo;
- Uhhafu wezinsimbi ezimbili ezithintekayo.
Abakaki abahlukanisiwe yizinsimbi ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi nezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukukhweza amapayipi, ama-muffler nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokukhipha umoya ezintweni ezithwala umthwalo.Esimweni esilula, i-clamp yenziwe ngendlela ye-tape bracket yephrofayili eyindilinga enama-eyelets okuqinisa ngesikulufu (i-bolt).Ama-staples angaba mncane futhi abe banzi, ekugcineni ane-longitudinal stiffener futhi aboshwe ngezikulufo ezimbili.Imvamisa, abakaki abanjalo benziwa ngendlela yezingxenye ezimise okwe-U noma izingxenye zephrofayili eyindilinga enama-eyelets akhuphuka ngobude - ngosizo lwabo, izingxenye zesistimu yokukhipha umoya zimisiwe kuhlaka / umzimba kude.
Ama-clamps emikhakha emibili atholakalayo enziwa ngendlela yama-halves amabili ngendlela yamateyipu noma amapheshana, ngalinye elinamehlo amabili okufakwa ngezikulufo (ama-bolts).Ngosizo lwemikhiqizo yalolu hlobo, kungenzeka ukufaka ama-mufflers namapayipi ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo noma lapho kunzima khona ukufaka amabakaki ahlukanisiwe avamile.
Ama-halves of the split-sector clamp angama-halves aphansi ohlobo lwangaphambilini lwe-clamp, ingxenye yawo engaphezulu yenziwe ngendlela yebakaki ekhishwayo noma engakhipheki efakwe ohlakeni / umzimba wemoto.
I-Universal clamps
Leli qembu lemikhiqizo lihlanganisa ama-clamps, ama-staples, angadlala indima yokugqoka nokuxhuma ngesikhathi esisodwa - ahlinzeka ngokuvala amapayipi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abambe yonke isakhiwo kuhlaka / umzimba wemoto.
Izici zokuklama nezici zama-muffler clamp
Ama-clamps enziwe ngezinsimbi zamabanga ahlukahlukene - ikakhulukazi ehlelekile, kancane kancane - avela ku-alloyed (insimbi engagqwali), ukuze avikeleke okwengeziwe angafakwa uthayela noma i-nickel plated / i-chrome plated (amakhemikhali noma i-galvanic).Okufanayo kusebenza ezikulungeni/amabholithi afika nezinsimbi.
Njengomthetho, ama-clamps enziwa ngokugxiviza kusuka kumabhilidi ensimbi (amateyipu).Ama-clamps angaba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, obuhambisana nebanga elijwayelekile nelingelona elijwayelekile lamadiamitha wamapayipi.Ama-clamps akhuphukayo ama-mufflers, njengomthetho, anomumo oyinkimbinkimbi (oval, onama-protrusions), ohambelana nengxenye yesiphambano se-muffler, i-resonator noma isiguquli semoto.Konke lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa ingxenye entsha yemoto.
Izinkinga zokukhetha nokushintshwa kwe-muffler clamp
Ama-clamps asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, ahlala evezwe ekushiseni okuphawulekayo nokuguquka kwezinga lokushisa, ukuvezwa kwamagesi okukhipha umoya, kanye namanzi, ukungcola kanye nezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali (usawoti ovela emgwaqeni nabanye).Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nezinsimbi ezenziwe nge-alloy steels zilahlekelwa amandla futhi zingabangela ukuvuza kwe-exhaust noma ukulimala kobuqotho be-exhaust tract.Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka, i-clamp kufanele ishintshwe, futhi kunconywa ukuthi uguqule lezi zingxenye lapho ushintsha izingxenye ezithile noma lonke uhlelo lokukhipha imoto.
I-muffler clamp kufanele ikhethwe ngokuhambisana nenjongo yayo kanye nobubanzi bamapayipi / ama-mufflers okumele axhunywe.Ngokufanelekile, udinga ukusebenzisa i-clamp yohlobo olufanayo nenombolo yekhathalogi eyayifakwe emotweni ngaphambili.Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, ukushintshwa okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu kuyamukeleka.Isibonelo, kuyafaneleka ukufaka esikhundleni se-stepladder clamp nge-split-piece-piece clamp - izohlinzeka ngokuqina okungcono kanye nokwanda kwamandla okufaka.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukushintshwa - isibonelo, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukushintsha i-clamp ekhishwayo yemikhakha emibili nanoma iyiphi enye, ngoba ukuma kwezingxenye zokugcina zamapayipi axhunyiwe kungashintshwa kuwo.
Lapho ukhetha ama-clamps, kufanele ukhumbule mayelana nezici zokufakwa kwazo.I-clamp yesitebhisi iyona elula ukuyifaka - ingafakwa kumapayipi asevele ehlangene, njengoba isiteji sinqanyuliwe ku-crossbar bese siqiniswa ngamantongomane.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele kuma-clamp emikhakha emibili.Futhi ukufaka i-clamp eyodwa-piece noma i-tubular clamps, amapayipi kuzodingeka aqale anqanyulwe, afakwe ku-clamp bese efakwa kuphela.Obunye ubunzima bungase buvele lapho kufakwa ama-clamp universal, ngoba kulokhu kudingekile ukugcina izingxenye zixhumene ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi uzibeke ebangeni elifanele ukusuka kuhlaka / umzimba.
Lapho ufaka i-clamp, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okulungile kokufakwa kwayo kanye nokuthembeka kokuqinisa izikrini - kuphela kulokhu uxhumano kuyoba namandla, okuthembekile futhi okuqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2023