Izimoto ziya ngokuya zihlome ngemithombo yokukhanya yesimanje - amalambu emoto e-LED.Konke mayelana nalezi zibani, izici zokuklama kwazo, izinhlobo ezikhona, ukulebula nokusebenziseka, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwezibani ze-LED, kuchazwe kule ndaba.
Inhloso yamalambu emoto e-LED
Isibani se-Automotive LED (isibani se-LED, isibani se-LED) siwumthombo wokukhanya kagesi osuselwe kuma-light-emitting diode (LED) asetshenziswa kumalambu nasezintweni zokukhanyisa zezimoto.
Ezimotweni zesimanje, ogandaganda nemishini ehlukahlukene kunemithombo yokukhanya eyishumi nambili - izibani zangaphambili, izinkomba, amalambu amabhuleki, amalambu okupaka, amalambu asemini, ukukhanya kwepuleti lelayisense, amalambu enkungu, ukukhanya kwangaphakathi (kuhlanganise nokukhanyisa kwegumbi lamagilavu), amalambu esiqu, ideshibhodi. izibani, njll. Sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka, izibani ze-incandescent zemiklamo ehlukahlukene zisetshenzisiwe, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva ziye zashintsha ngokuqhubekayo imithombo yokukhanya ye-semiconductor - izibani ze-LED.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-LED ezimotweni kunezinzuzo ezintathu ezibalulekile:
● Ukwehliswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla - Ama-LED anamandla acwebezelayo aqhathaniswa namalambu e-incandescent asebenzisa amandla amanje amancane kakhulu;
● Ukwenyuka kwesikhawu sesevisi yokunakekelwa kwezibani - Ama-LED anomthombo omude izikhathi eziningana kunezibani ze-incandescent, ngakho-ke adinga ukushintshwa kaningi (futhi, ngokufanelekile, ehlise izindleko zokuthenga amalambu amasha);
● Thuthukisa ukwethembeka kwezinto zokukhanyisa - ama-LED ama-bulb ayizakhiwo eziqinile ezingenayo imicu, ngakho-ke amelana nokudlidliza nokushaqeka.
Njengamanje, kukhiqizwa izibani ze-LED ezingashintsha ngokuphelele izibani ze-incandescent emotweni.Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukhethe okulungile wale mithombo yokukhanya, kufanele uqonde izici zabo zokuklama, izici kanye ne-plinth.
Idizayini kanye nezimpawu zamalambu emoto e-LED
Ngokwesakhiwo, izibani zemoto ze-LED ziqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: indlu lapho kufakwe khona i-LED eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kanye nesisekelo sokufaka isibani esokhethi.Isibani sisekelwe kuma-LED aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - amadivaysi kagesi asekelwe ku-crystal ye-semiconductor material (imvamisa i-gallium nitride eguqulwa nge-indium), lapho kwakhiwa khona i-pn junction, futhi i-phosphor isetshenziswa endaweni ephumayo.Lapho i-current idluliswa ku-LED, ukuguqulwa kwayo kukhipha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oguqulwa ungqimba lwe-phosphor lube mhlophe.Ezibanini zamandla aphansi, ama-LED angu-1-3 asetshenziswa, ezibani ezikhanyayo - kufika kuma-LED angu-25 noma ngaphezulu.
Ama-LED afakwe epuleti le-insulating noma izindlu ezenziwe ngezinto zokuvikela, ezimweni ezingavamile angaba nesivikelo ngesimo se-glass bulb (njengamalambu ajwayelekile e-incandescent).Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwe-LED kuxhunywe kusisekelo sensimbi noma sepulasitiki, lapho kunikezwa khona amandla ama-LEDs kusuka ohlelweni lukagesi ophakathi kwemoto.
Amalambu emoto e-LED
Kwezinye izinhlobo zezibani, amandla abalulekile okushisa angachithwa, okuholela ekushiseni nasekuhlulekeni kwawo.Ukususa ukushisa ezibani ezinjalo, izingxenye ezengeziwe zethulwa ekwakhiweni - izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo.Ukupholisa okwedlulele kunikezwa ama-heatsink e-aluminium atholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlangano we-LED.I-heatsink ivame ukuba namaphiko, okwandisa indawo yengxenye futhi ithuthukise ukuchithwa kokushisa nge-convection.Ama-radiator afakwe izibani zokukhanyisa ezinamandla aphansi - zama-salon shades, amalambu asebenza emini, amalambu enkungu, njll.
Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo akhiwe ngesisekelo se-radiator kanye nesiphephetha-moya, esihlinzeka ngokuvunguza okunamandla kwe-radiator ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okweqile kuyo.Isiphephetha-moya singasebenza njalo lapho isibani sikhanya, noma silawulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo okuqapha izinga lokushisa ledivayisi.Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo afakwe izibani ezinamandla zokukhanyisa ngaphambili.
Izibani ze-Car LED ziyatholakala kuma-voltage ajwayelekile wokuhlinzeka - 6, 12 no-24 V, anamandla amayunithi wama-watts, ikakhulukazi ashintshashintshana ngokuphelele nezibani ze-incandescent.
Ukumaka kanye nezisekelo zamalambu e-LED
Kufanele kuphawulwe ngokushesha ukuthi izibani zemoto ze-LED zikhiqizwa ngezinhlobo ezifanayo zama-caps njengezibani ezivamile ze-incandescent - lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka zombili izinhlobo zokukhanyisa emotweni ngaphandle kokushintsha uhlelo lukagesi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekumaka izibani ze-LED, ungathola amagama amaningana - uhlobo lwesisekelo kanye nohlobo lwesibani esifanayo se-incandescent.Ukumaka okunjalo kusiza ukukhethwa kwezinto zokukhanyisa, uma kunesidingo, shintsha isibani se-incandescent nge-LED eyodwa noma ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ezweni lethu, kunezindinganiso eziningana zezibani, phakathi kwazo yizinga eliphakathi kwezisekelo ze-GOST IEC 60061-1-2014 (isebenza emithonjeni yokukhanya yazo zonke izinhlobo, kuhlanganise nezimoto, zasendlini, njll.).Ngokuhambisana nalo mbhalo kanye namazinga afanayo aseYurophu (IEC ne-DIN), izibani zezimoto zingaba nezinhlobo ezilandelayo zamakepisi:
● I-BA - iphini (i-bayonet), izikhonkwane zitholakala ngokulinganayo ngokuhlobene nomunye nomunye;
● I-BAY - iphini (i-bayonet), iphinikhodi eyodwa iyagudluzwa ngokuphakama ngokuhlobene nenye;
● I-BAZ - iphini (i-bayonet), iphinikhodi eyodwa igudluzwa ngokuphakama kanye ne-radius ngokuhlobene nenye;
● E - intambo (empeleni ayisetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje);
● P - flanged;
● I-SV - isibani se-soffit esinesisekelo esinezinhlangothi ezimbili;
● W - izibani ezinesisekelo sengilazi, ngokuphathelene nezibani ze-LED - ezinesisekelo sepulasitiki (ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi izibani ngaphandle kwesisekelo).
Izinhlobo zezisekelo kanye nokusebenza kwezibani ze-LED zezimoto
Inkomba yezinombolo yokumaka ibonisa ububanzi noma ububanzi besisekelo, futhi uhlamvu olulandela inombolo lubonisa izici ezithile zokuklama.Isibonelo, isisekelo esivamile se-BA15s siyisisekelo sephinikhodi esingu-15 mm esinamaphini amabili ahlelwe ngokulinganayo kanye nokuxhumana okukodwa okuholayo, othintana naye wesibili udlalwa ingilazi yesisekelo.Futhi i-BA15d iyisisekelo esifanayo, kodwa ngoxhumana nabo ababili bokuhola (i-oval noma i-oval), indima yokuxhumana wesithathu nayo idlalwa ingilazi yesisekelo.
Ngokuhambisana nokumaka ama-caps, ukumaka okufana nokumaka kwezibani ezivamile ze-incandescent zezimoto kuyasetshenziswa.Isibonelo, amalambu e-T5 kanye ne-T10 amalambu amancane asebenzisa amakepisi ohlobo lwe-W5W.Isisekelo esinjalo senziwe ngendlela yepuleti lepulasitiki, ezinhlangothini zombili lapho oxhumana nabo ababili bezintambo baboniswa.Amalambu e-Soffit avame ukuqokwa i-C5W ne-FT10.Futhi ukumaka izibani ze-LED kumakwe ngezibani ze-halogen - kusuka ku-H1 kuya ku-H11, HB1, HB3, HB4, njll.
Udinga futhi ukucacisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezibani zezibani zimakwe ngedijithali.Isibonelo, i-BA15 plinths kwamanye amazinga imakwe "1156/1157", i-wide plinths W21 imakwe "7440/7443", njll.
Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha isibani se-LED yemoto
Uma ukhetha isibani se-LED (noma izibani eziningana) zemoto, kufanele ucabangele uhlobo lwesisekelo kanye nezici zikagesi zokukhanyisa izibani.Njengomthetho, imiyalelo yokusebenza, ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemoto kubonisa uhlobo lwemithombo yokukhanya esetshenzisiwe kanye nezisekelo zabo - lezi yiziqondiso okufanele zilandelwe lapho uthenga.Udinga futhi ukunaka amandla kagesi enethiwekhi yemoto esebhodini, bese ukhetha izibani ezifanele.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni kwezibani ezinezisekelo ze-bayonet (pin) nezibani ze-soffit.Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amakepisi e-BA, BAY kanye ne-BAZ angaba amadizayini ophini olulodwa ("s") kanye namaphini amabili ("d" wokumaka), futhi awashintsheki.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibani ezinokuxhumana okubili okuzungezile kanye ne-oval zingafakwa ku-cartridge efanayo ngaphandle kwemingcele.Ukuze ugweme iphutha, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukumakwa okugcwele komthombo wokukhanya.
Amalambu Ezimoto Zezixwayiso ze-LED
Izibani ze-Soffit zinezisekelo ezifanayo ezinobubanzi obungu-7 mm (isisekelo se-SV7, uhlobo lwe-C10W) no-8.5 mm (isisekelo se-SV8.5, uhlobo lwe-C5W), futhi zihluke ngobude - zingaba ngu-31, 36 no-41 mm.
Okokugcina, lapho ukhetha izibani ze-LED zezinkomba zokuqondisa kanye nezibani zokupaka, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi zimhlophe ne-amber (i-orange).Ekumaka izibani zohlobo lwesibili, uhlamvu "Y" ("ophuzi") lukhona ngempela, bane-bulb noma isihlungi esinombala we-amber, okunikeza umlilo umbala oyifunayo usebenzisa i-diffuser ebonakalayo.
Ukushintshwa kwezibani ze-LED kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Lapho wenza lo msebenzi, kuyadingeka ukucisha inethiwekhi yemoto esebhodini.Ukushintshwa kwemithombo yokukhanya kuvame ukwehlela ekuhlakazeni isibani sokukhanyisa (ukudiliza isilingi noma i-diffuser, uma izibani zangaphambili, ukuziqaqa kanye / noma ukuziqaqa kancane), ukufaka isibani kusokhethi elifanele, nokusihlanganisa kabusha.
Uma isibani se-LED sikhethiwe futhi sifakwe ngendlela efanele, ukukhanya kwayo kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza okunethezeka nokuphephile kwemoto iminyaka eminingi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023