Ekuhanjisweni kwamaloli e-KAMAZ, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-interaxle kanye ne-cross-axle kunikezwa, lapho indawo ephakathi ihlala khona iziphambano.Funda mayelana nokuthi siyini isiphambano, siyizinhlobo zini, sisebenza kanjani nokuthi senza miphi imisebenzi, kanye nokukhetha nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye ku-athikili.
Uyini umehluko wesiphambano se-KAMAZ?
Isiphambano sokuhluka kwe-KAMAZ siyingxenye yesikhungo kanye nokuhlukana kwe-axle ye-drive axles yezimoto ze-KAMAZ;Ingxenye ye-cruciform esebenza njengezimbazo zamagiya esathelayithi.
Isiphambano singenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhluka - zombili i-cross-axle, etholakala kuma-gearbox awo wonke ama-axle okushayela, kanye ne-inter-axle, efakwe ku-axle ephakathi.Le ngxenye inemisebenzi eminingana:
● Isebenza njengama-ekseli amasathelayithi ahlukanisiwe - amagiya agxunyekwa ezikhoneni zesiphambano futhi azungeza ngokukhululekile kuso;
● Ukubekwa phakathi kwezingxenye zokukhwelana zomehluko - amasathelayithi namagiya we-axle shafts;
● Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka ezindlini ezihlukene kuya kumasathelayithi nokuqhubekela phambili kumagiya we-axle shafts (kwezinye izinhlobo zalawa mayunithi, i-torque idluliselwa ngokuqondile nge-crosspiece);
● Ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo komthwalo kumagiya we-axle shafts - lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wawo wonke amagiya, okwandisa impilo yabo yesevisi nokuthembeka kuma-torque abalulekile;
● Ukunikezwa kwamafutha ezihlahleni (ama-plain bearings) amasathelayithi.
Isimo sesiphambano sincike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokuhluka, ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwe-torque nokuthembeka.Isiphambano esinephutha kufanele silungiswe noma sishintshwe, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga ingxenye entsha, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo zeziphambano ze-KAMAZ, izici zazo nokusebenza kwazo.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nezici zeziphambano ze-KAMAZ ezihlukile
Zonke iziphambano ze-KAMAZ zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokusho kokusebenza kwazo:
● Iziphambano ezihlukene ze-axle (ama-gearbox we-axle yokushayela);
● Isiphambano sokuhluka kwesikhungo.
Iziphambano zohlobo lokuqala zisetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni ama-gearbox awo wonke ama-axle okushayela - ngaphambili, okuphakathi (uma kukhona) nangemuva.Lapha, le ngxenye iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque phakathi kwama-axle shafts ngesivinini esingalingani sokujikeleza kwamasondo angakwesokudla nakwesokunxele.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesiphambano okuhlukile ngamasathelayithi
Iziphambano zohlobo lwesibili ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhluka kwesikhungo efakwe kuphela kuma-axle okushayela aphakathi kwezimoto ezinamafomula amasondo 6 × 4 no-6 × 6, kanye nokudluliselwa okuqondile kwe-torque kuma-ekseli aphakathi nangemuva (ngaphandle kwecala lokudlulisa).Lapha, le ngxenye iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque phakathi kwama-axles aphakathi nangemuva ngesivinini esingalingani sokujikeleza kwamasondo awo.
Iziphambano zazo zombili izinhlobo zinomklamo ofanayo ngokomgomo.Lena ingxenye eqinile lapho izingxenye ezimbili zingahlukaniswa khona: indandatho emaphakathi (ihabhu), eduze komjikelezo lapho ama-spikes amane atholakala ngokulinganayo.Imbobo kuhabhu isebenzela ukumisa ingxenye futhi iyenze ibe lula, futhi phakathi nokuhluka okuphakathi, i-axle drive shaft yangemuva idlula kuyo.Amagiya wesathelayithi kanye namawasha okusekela afakwe kuma-spikes ngokusebenzisa izihlahla, ukuvimbela ukuthintana okuqondile kwamasathelayithi ngemishini yezinkomishi zezindlu ezihlukile.
Ama-spikes ane-variable cross-section: ezinhlangothini ezibheke phakathi nendawo yesiphambano, ama-balds asuswa ezingeni elifanayo nendiza yehabhu lesiphambano.Ama-Lysks aqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamafutha ezihlahleni zamasathelayithi kanye nokususwa kwezinhlayiya zokugqoka kuzo.Izimbobo eziyizimpumputhe zokujula okungajulile zivame ukubhobozwa ekugcineni kwama-spikes, okwenza kube lula ukucutshungulwa kwengxenye.Futhi, ama-chamfers asuswa ekugcineni ukuze afakwe kalula isiphambano endlini ehlukile.Ububanzi bezintambo zeziphambano zokuhluka kwe-cross-axle ye-KAMAZ buyi-28.0-28.11 mm, ububanzi bezintambo zeziphambano zokuhlukana kwesikhungo kuphakathi kuka-21.8-21.96 mm.
Zonke iziphambano zenziwe ngezinsimbi zesakhiwo zamabanga 15X, 18X, 20X nabanye ngokugxiviza okushisayo (ukubumba) okulandelwa ukuphenduka, ubuso bezingxenye eziqediwe buphathwa ukushisa (i-carburizing ekujuleni kwe-1.2 mm, ukucisha kanye subsequent tempering) ukuze kuzuzwe ubulukhuni obudingekayo kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa kwe-abrasive.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeziphambano zokuhlukaniswa kwesikhungo sezimoto ze-KAMAZ:
● Ngembobo emaphakathi ebushelelezi;
● Ngehabhu efakiwe.
Izingxenye zohlobo lokuqala zinomklamo ochazwe ngenhla, zisetshenziselwa ukuhluka okuphakathi, okwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-classical - ngokudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka ku-propeller shaft kuya endlini ehlukile, lapho isiphambano sixhunywe ngokuqinile.Izingxenye zohlobo lwesibili zinehabhu lobubanzi obuningi, engxenyeni engaphakathi lapho kwenziwa khona ama-longitudinal splines.Lezi ziphambano zisetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni okuphakathi kohlobo olusha (kufakwe emalolini okulahla i-KAMAZ-6520 nokuguqulwa okusekelwe kuwo kusukela ngo-2009) - ngokudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka ku-propeller shaft ngqo ku-crosspiece.Umehluko walolu hlobo uhlangene futhi ulula, kodwa kuzo isiphambano singaphansi kwemithwalo ephakeme, ngakho-ke izidingo eziqinile zibekwe ekwakhiweni nasekhwalithini yazo.
Umhlangano wesikhungo se-KAMAZ-6520
Ukusebenza kwama-D-pads ekwehlukeni kulula kakhulu.Kumehluko we-cross-axle, isebenza kuphela njengama-ekseli amasathelayithi.Isiphambano sigxunyekwe ngokuqinile phakathi kwezitsha zezindlu ezihlukanisiwe, zona zifakwe ngaphakathi kwegiya elishayelwa egiyeni elikhulu.Lapho igiya lizungeza, umehluko ujikeleza ngasikhathi sinye, ama-satellite anamathiselwe esiphambanweni, ahlanganyele namagiya we-axle shafts, awalethe ekujikelezeni, aqinisekise ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque kumasondo okushayela.Lapho ujika amakhona noma ushayela emigwaqweni emanzi, amasathelayithi azungeza eziphondweni zesiphambano, anikeze isivinini samasondo esihlukile.
Phakathi kokuhluka okuphakathi, iziphambano zenza imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa ngosizo lwabo i-torque isatshalaliswa phakathi kwama-axles okushayela.
Izinkinga zokukhetha nokushintshwa kweziphambano zokuhluka kwe-KAMAZ
Iziphambano ezihlukene zibhekene nemithwalo ephezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyaguga futhi ziwohloke.Isimo sale ngxenye sigadwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okujwayelekile noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-axle yokushayela.Uma ama-chips, ama-scuffs, imifantu kanye nomunye umonakalo kutholakala ku-crosspiece, kufanele kushintshwe.Uma ama-spikes esiphambanweni anemikhondo yokugqoka kwe-abrasive ngokuncipha kobubanzi, khona-ke angabuyiselwa ngokufaka insimbi nokugaya, kodwa namuhla kulula kakhulu futhi kushibhile ukuthenga isiphambano esisha.Uma kutholakala amaphutha kumasathelayithi namawasha (ama-chips, ukuguga kwamazinyo angalingani, ukuqhekeka nokuphuka emazinyweni, njll.), khona-ke kufanele kushintshwe kanye ne-crosspiece, kanye nesethi ephelele (enezihlahla kanye nama-thrust washers).
Umehluko we-axle ye-KAMAZ
Iziphambano ezihlukene zibhekene nemithwalo ephezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyaguga futhi ziwohloke.Isimo sale ngxenye sigadwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okujwayelekile noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-axle yokushayela.Uma ama-chips, ama-scuffs, imifantu kanye nomunye umonakalo kutholakala ku-crosspiece, kufanele kushintshwe.Uma ama-spikes esiphambanweni anemikhondo yokugqoka kwe-abrasive ngokuncipha kobubanzi, khona-ke angabuyiselwa ngokufaka insimbi nokugaya, kodwa namuhla kulula kakhulu futhi kushibhile ukuthenga isiphambano esisha.Uma kutholakala amaphutha kumasathelayithi namawasha (ama-chips, ukuguga kwamazinyo angalingani, ukuqhekeka nokuphuka emazinyweni, njll.), khona-ke kufanele kushintshwe kanye ne-crosspiece, kanye nesethi ephelele (enezihlahla kanye nama-thrust washers).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2023