Izimoto eziningi nogandaganda zisebenzisa i-exhaust system, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezisizayo - amapayipi okungenisa.Funda konke mayelana namapayipi okungenisa, izinhlobo zawo ezikhona, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye kulesi sihloko.
Liyini ipayipi lokumunca?
Ipayipi lokungenisa (ipayipi lepayipi lokungena) liyingxenye yesistimu yokukhipha igesi yokukhipha izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi;Ipayipi elifushane lephrofayili ethile kanye ne-cross-section, eqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kwamagesi avela ku-manifold exhaust noma i-turbocharger kanye nokunikezwa kwabo ezintweni ezilandelayo zesistimu yokukhipha.
Uhlelo lokukhipha izimoto nezinye izinto zokusebenza luyisimiso samapayipi kanye nezakhi ezihlukahlukene eziqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi ashisayo enjini emkhathini futhi kunciphise umsindo wokukhipha umoya.Lapho ushiya injini, amagesi anokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela, ngakho-ke into ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ephikisana nokushisa itholakala lapha - i-exhaust manifold.Amapayipi anezinto zokuvala amalangabi, ama-resonators, ama-muffler, ama-neutralizer nezinye izakhi asuka kumqoqi.Kodwa-ke, ezinhlelweni eziningi, ukufakwa kwamapayipi okungenisa akwenziwa ngokuqondile kumqoqi, kodwa ngokusebenzisa isici se-adaptha - ipayipi elincane lokungenisa.
Ipayipi lokungenisa lixazulula izinkinga eziningana ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya:
● Ukwamukela amagesi e-exhaust avela ezindaweni eziningi kanye nesiqondiso sawo ukuya epayipini elitholayo;
● Ukuzungezisa ukugeleza kwegesi ye-exhaust nge-engeli enikeza indawo elula yezinto ezilandelayo zesistimu;
● Emapayipini anezinxephezelo zokudlidliza - ukuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza kwenjini nesistimu yokukhipha umoya.
Ipayipi lokungenisa libalulekile ekuvaleni uhlelo lokukhipha kanye nokusebenza kwalo okuvamile, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka umonakalo noma ukushisa, le ngxenye idinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Futhi ngokukhetha okulungile kwepayipi, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izinhlobo ezikhona, ukuklama nezici zalezi zingxenye.
Isistimu yokukhipha amandla ngokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi angenayo
Izinhlobo kanye nomklamo wamapayipi angenayo
Kumele kuqashelwe ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi amapayipi okungenisa awasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinjini - le ngxenye ivame ukutholakala kumayunithi amaloli, ogandaganda nemishini ehlukahlukene ekhethekile, nasezimotweni zabagibeli, amapayipi athola ukucushwa okuhlukahlukene asetshenziswa kaningi.Amapayipi okungena afaneleka ezinhlelweni zokukhipha izinjini ezinamandla, lapho kudingeka khona ukwenza ukukhishwa okulula kwamagesi kusuka ku-multifold exhaust noma i-turbocharger endaweni evalekile.Ngakho lapho ulungisa uhlelo, kufanele uqale uqinisekise ukuthi kukhona ipayipi kuyo, noma uma udinga ipayipi yokwamukela.
Wonke amapayipi okuphuza ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokuya ngokuklama nokusebenza:
● Amapayipi avamile;
● Imilomo ehlanganiswe nezinxephezelo zokudlidliza.
Amapayipi alula anomklamo olula kakhulu: iyipayipi yensimbi eqondile noma egobile ye-variable cross-section, kuzo zombili iziphetho lapho kukhona ama-flanges axhumayo anezimbobo zama-studs, ama-bolts noma ezinye izibophelelo.Amapayipi aqondile angenziwa ngokugxiviza noma kusuka ezingxenyeni zamapayipi, amapayipi agobile enziwa ngokushisela izikhala ezimbalwa - izindonga ezigxiviziwe eziseceleni namasongo anama-flange.Imvamisa, ama-flange afakwayo enziwa ngendlela yamasongo noma amapuleti abekwe ngokukhululekile epayipini, ingcindezi yepayipi ezingxenyeni zokuhlangana (amapayipi, ama-nifold, turbocharger) anikezwa ngama-flange ashiselwe usayizi omncane.Kukhona futhi ama-nozzles angenawo ama-flanges akhuphukayo, afakwa ngokushisela noma ukucwiliswa ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi.
Imibhobho enamalunga okunweba inomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi.Isisekelo sokuklama siphinde sibe ipayipi yensimbi, ekupheleni kokukhipha lapho kukhona isinxephezelo sokudlidliza, esihlinzeka ngokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza kwezingxenye zesistimu yokukhipha.I-compensator ivame ukushiselwa kwipayipi, le ngxenye ingaba yezinhlobo ezimbili:
● I-Bellows - ipayipi likathayela (lingaba ungqimba olulodwa nezimbili, lingaba nomluko wangaphandle nowangaphakathi owenziwe ngemicu yensimbi engagqwali);
● Ipayipi lensimbi iyipayipi lensimbi elisontekile elinomluko wangaphandle (lingaba nomluko wangaphakathi).
Amapayipi anamajoyinti okunweba nawo afakwe ama-flanges okuxhuma, kodwa izinketho zokufaka zingenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-welding noma i-tie clamps.
Amapayipi amanzi angaba nesiphambano esingaguquki noma esiguquguqukayo.Amapayipi okwandisa asetshenziswa kaningi, lapho, ngenxa yesiphambano esiguquguqukayo, kukhona ukwehla kwezinga lokugeleza kwamagesi okukhipha.Futhi, izingxenye zingase zibe nephrofayili ehlukile:
● Ipayipi eliqondile;
● Ipayipi le-engeli eligobile elingu-30, 45 noma 90 degrees.
Imibhobho eqondile isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ukugoba okudingekayo ukuguqula ukugeleza kwegesi kunikezwa ku-multifold exhaust kanye/noma kumapayipi alandelayo.Amapayipi ama-engeli avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukuhamba kwamagesi kuqonde phansi noma emaceleni nangemuva uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini.Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi e-engeli kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize isistimu yokukhipha amandla yokucushwa okudingekayo ukuze ubeke kahle kuhlaka noma ngaphansi komzimba wemoto.
Ipayipi lokungena elinesinxephezelo sokudlidliza Ipayipi elingenayo elidlidlizayo
isinxephezelo ngesimo se-hose yensimbi ene-braid
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi okungenisa kwenziwa ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko zesistimu yokukhipha umoya:
● Phakathi kwe-multifold exhaust, isinxephezelo kanye nepayipi elingenisayo;
● Phakathi kwe-turbocharger, isinxephezelo nepayipi lokungena.
Esimweni sokuqala, amagesi okukhipha aphuma kumqoqi angena epayipini, lapho angajikeleza khona nge-engeli ye-30-90 degrees, bese kuthi ngokusebenzisa isinxephezelo sokudlidliza (izivuno ezihlukene noma i-hose yensimbi) zifakwa kwipayipi ku-muffler ( i-catalyst, i-flame arrester, njll.).Esimweni sesibili, amagesi ashisayo avela ku-exhaust manifold aqala ukungena engxenyeni ye-turbine ye-turbocharger, lapho eyeka khona amandla awo bese ekhishwa kuphela epayipini lokungenisa.Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi nakweminye imishini yezimoto ezinenjini enama-turbocharged.
Ezimweni ezichazwe, ipayipi lokungenisa lixhunywe ohlangothini lwayo lokuphuma ku-compensator vibration, elenziwe ngendlela yengxenye ehlukile enama-flanges ayo kanye ne-fasteners.Uhlelo olunjalo aluthembeki kancane futhi lungakwazi ukudlidliza okulimazayo, ngakho-ke namuhla amapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu amajoyini okwandisa ahlanganisiwe.Izikimu zabo zokuxhuma ziyefana nalezo ezikhonjiswe ngenhla, kodwa azinazo izinxephezelo ezizimele nezixhumi zazo.
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-studs noma ama-bolts adlula ama-flanges.Ukubekwa uphawu kwamalunga kwenziwa ngokufaka ama-gaskets enziwe ngezinto ezingashi.
Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha ipayipi lokungenisa
Ipayipi lokudonsa le-exhaust system libhekene nemithwalo ebalulekile eshisayo nemishini, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, yilezi zingxenye ezivame ukudinga ukushintshwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka, ukuqhekeka nokushiswa.Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamapayipi kubonakala ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lomsindo nokudlidliza kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya, futhi kwezinye izimo ngokulahlekelwa amandla enjini kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kahle kwe-turbocharger (njengoba imodi yokusebenza yeyunithi iphazamiseka).Amapayipi anemifantu, ashile kanye nokuphuka (kuhlanganise nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinxephezelo zokudlidliza okudidiyelwe) kufanele kushintshwe.
Ukuze ufake esikhundleni, kufanele ukhethe ipayipi lohlobo olufanayo (inombolo yekhathalogi) efakwe ngaphambili.Kodwa-ke, uma kunesidingo, ungasebenzisa ama-analogue, inqobo nje uma ehambisana ngokugcwele nengxenye yasekuqaleni ngokuya kobukhulu bokufakwa kanye ne-cross-section.Uma amapayipi ahlukene kanye namajoyinti okwandisa efakwe emotweni, kungcono ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezifanayo ukuze zishintshwe, noma kunjalo, uma kunesidingo, zingashintshwa ngamapayipi nge-compensator ehlanganisiwe.Ukushintshwa okuphambene nakho kuyamukeleka, kodwa akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba kulokhu kuzodingeka usebenzise izibophelelo ezengeziwe kanye nezimpawu, ukuze ubeke lapho kungase kungabi khona isikhala samahhala.
Ukushintshwa kwepayipi kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa imoto.Ngokuvamile, lo msebenzi wenziwa kalula: kwanele ukunqamula ipayipi (noma isinxephezelo) kumbhobho, bese ususa ipayipi ngokwayo ku-multifold / turbocharger.Kodwa-ke, le misebenzi ivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngamantongomane noma ama-bolts amuncu, okumele aqale akhishwe ngosizo lwamathuluzi akhethekile.Lapho ufaka ipayipi elisha, zonke izakhi zokuvala ezinikeziwe (ama-gaskets) kufanele futhi zifakwe, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo ngeke luvalwe.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwepayipi lokungenisa, uhlelo lokukhipha umoya luzokwenza imisebenzi yalo ngokuthembekile kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza zeyunithi yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2023