Ezimotweni eziningi ezinamasondo, amasondo abanjwe ihabhu ehlala ku-asi ngokusebenzisa ama-bearings akhethekile.Funda konke mayelana nama-hub bearings, izinhlobo zawo ezikhona, imiklamo, izici zokusebenza nokusebenziseka, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye esihlokweni.
Iyini i-hub bear?
I-Hub bearing (i-wheel bear) - umhlangano we-undercarriage (ukumiswa kwamasondo) wezimoto ezinamasondo;I-rolling bear yedizayini eyodwa noma enye, ehlinzeka ngoxhumano, ukuqondanisa nokujikeleza kwamahhala kwehabhu lesondo ku-ekseli.
I-wheel bear yenza imisebenzi eminingana:
● Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzungezisa ihabhu ku-axle (trunnion) ngokunciphisa amandla okungqubuzana;
● Ukuxhumana ngomshini kwehabhu ne-ekseli (trunnion) noma iqupha lokuqondisa;
● Ukumisa phakathi kwehabhu ku-eksisi;
● Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-radial kanye ne-lateral kanye nama-torque adluliswa kusukela esondweni ngehabhu kuya ku-ekseli nokumiswa kwemoto, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi;
● Ukuthulula ama-axle shaft e-axle yokushayela - isondo alibanjiwe ku-axle shaft, kodwa lihlala phezu kwequpha lokuqondisa, i-trunnion noma i-axle beam.
Amasondo amasondo asetshenziselwa ukukhweza ama-hubs awo wonke amasondo ezimoto namaloli, amabhasi, ogandaganda nezinye izinto zokusebenza, amasondo aqondisayo kagandaganda amakilasi amancane okudonsa (imvamisa kuzo amasondo angemuva axhumeke ngokuqinile kuma-axle shafts), kanye kumasondo emoto yezimoto ezine-electromechanical transmission.I-hub bearing ibaluleke kakhulu ku-chassis yemoto, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle, kufanele ishintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-bearing, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo zayo, ukwakheka nezici zayo.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nezici ze-hub bearings
Ama-Rolling bearings asetshenziselwa ukufaka ama-hubs kuma-axles, okuthi, ngamandla amakhulu nokuthembeka, anikeze ukunciphisa okukhulu kwamandla okungqubuzana.Ngokuvamile, ukuklanywa kwe-bearing kulula: lezi yizindandatho ezimbili - zangaphandle nangaphakathi - phakathi kwazo kukhona uchungechunge lwezinto ezigoqayo ezifakwe emgodini (i-mesh eyenziwe ngensimbi noma ipulasitiki eqinisekisa indawo efanele yezinto ezigoqayo. ).Isikhala sangaphakathi sigcwele amafutha, izikhala phakathi kwamasongo zivaliwe ngesembozo ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamafutha kanye nokungcoliswa kwangaphakathi kwe-bearing.Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-bearings kungase kuhluke, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.
Amasondo amasondo ahlukaniswa ngokusho komklamo kanye nezakhi zokugoqa ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye nesiqondiso somthwalo ocatshangwayo.
Ngokusho kwemizimba yokujikeleza esetshenzisiwe, ama-bearings alandelayo:
● Ibhola - rolling kwenzeka emabhola ensimbi;
● I-roller - rolling yenziwa kuma-conical rollers.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuya ngendawo yezinto ezigoqayo, ama-bearings ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
● Umugqa owodwa;
● Imigqa emibili.
Esimweni sokuqala, kukhona umugqa owodwa wamabhola noma ama-roller phakathi kwamasongo, okwesibili - imigqa emibili ngayinye.
Ngokwesiqondiso esivamile somthwalo wabo, ama-hub bearings yilezi:
● I-Radial-thrust;
● Ukuziqondanisa kwe-radial-thrust.
Ama-angular contact bearings amunca amandla aqondiswe kuyo yonkana i-eksisi (eceleni kweradius) naseduze kwayo.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kokuthwala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lokunyakaza kwamasondo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudlidliza endizeni eqondile (uma ushayela emigwaqweni engalingani), noma ukuphambuka kwesondo ukusuka ku-axis longitudinal (ukujika kwesiqondiso). amasondo, imithwalo esemaceleni emasondweni lapho unqoba irediyo noma lapho ushayela ngomthambeka, imithelela eseceleni emasondweni, njll.).
Ngenxa yedizayini, amabhere aziqondanisayo anxephezela ukungahambi kahle okuthile kwe-ekseli nehabhu, okunciphisa ukuguga kwezingxenye.
Ngokwesakhiwo, ama-bearings ezinhlobo ezixoxwe ngenhla ahlukile.
Amabheringi angama-angular anomugqa owodwa.Ziqukethe izindandatho ezimbili, phakathi kwazo ama-conical rollers ahlanganiswe, ahlukaniswe isihlukanisi.Isikhala sangaphakathi sokuthwala sigcwele amafutha, sivikelwe ekuvaleni nasekuvuzeni ngokusebenzisa i-O-ring.Ingxenye yalolu hlobo ayihlukaniseki.
Ama-angilar amabhola okuxhumana anemigqa emibili namabheringi aziqondanisa nawo.Aqukethe izindandatho ezimbili ezibanzi, phakathi kwazo imigqa emibili yamabhola inyakaziswa, ihlukaniswe isihlukanisi esivamile.Ama-self-aligning bearings, ngenxa yokuma okukhethekile kwezindawo zangaphakathi zamasongo, kwenza kube lula ukushintsha imigqa yamabhola ngokuhlobene ne-axle ye-trunnion.Ama-bearings avamile alolu hlobo awahlukaniseki, ayaziqondanisa - angahle ahlukaniseke noma agoqeke.
Amarowu angu-angular othintana naye anemigqa emibili.Banomklamo ofana nowangaphambili.Ngokuvamile, ama-conical rollers omugqa ngamunye anelungiselelo lesibuko - ingxenye ebanzi yama-rollers ngaphandle.Lesi sikhundla siqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo kwemithwalo nokuqondanisa kwezingxenye.Amabhere alolu hlobo awahlukaniseki.
Ekugcineni, ama-wheel bearings ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokuklama kwawo:
● Amabhodi angawodwana;
● Amabherengi ahlanganiswe abe iyunithi eyodwa enehabhu.
Ihabhu elinebhere eliziqondanisa lebhola elinemigqa ekabili
Uhlobo lokuqala ama-bearings avamile, angafakwa futhi ahlakazwe ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo yezinye izingxenye zokukhwelana.Uhlobo lwesibili ama-bearings ahlanganiswe nehabhu lamasondo, ngakho awakwazi ukushintshwa ngokuhlukana.
Izindawo zokufakwa kanye nokusebenza kwama-wheel bearings
Ama-hub bearings ahlukaniswe ngenani lamaqembu ngokuya ngendawo yokufaka nokusebenza:
● Amabhodi wamahabhu amasondo okushayela (amasondo angaphambili kanye nezimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo);
● Amabhodi amahabhu amasondo aqhutshwayo (izimoto ezidonsa ngemuva);
● Amabheringi wamahabhu amasondo angashayelwanga (izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angaphambili, kanye nezimoto ezine-axle ezine ezinezisekelo ezingashayeli);
● Amabheringi wamahabhu okushayela amasondo angalawuleki (amasondo angemuva kanye nezimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo).
Izinhlobo ezithile zama-bearings zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zama-axles nama-hubs:
● Ezindaweni zamasondo ezinqola zezimoto zabagibeli - amabhola anemigqa emibili noma ama-roller bearings;
● Ezindaweni zokushayela okungalawuleki namasondo ashayelwa ezimoto zabagibeli - kokubili amabhola anemigqa ephindwe kabili noma ama-roller bearings (ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje), namabheringi amabili anama-tapered (ezimotweni eziningi zokukhishwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okuhlanganisa nezasekhaya);
● Ezizindaweni zawo wonke amasondo ezimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo kanye namaloli angemuva, amabhasi, ogandaganda nezinye izinto zokusebenza (ngaphandle kokungavamile) kunama-bearing amabili.
Ukufakwa kwama-bearings kwenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.Emasondweni angemuva ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, i-hub bear ifakwa ku-trunnion, futhi ihabhu ngokwayo noma isigubhu sebhuleki sifakwe iringi yayo yangaphandle.Izingxenye ezifanayo zamaloli nezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva zinomklamo ofanayo, kodwa lapha kufakwe amabhere amabili ku-axle.Emasondweni angaphambili ezimotweni zabagibeli ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, i-bearing ifakwe kwi-knuckle yesiteringi, futhi ihabhu ifakwe iringi yangaphakathi ye-bearing.
Idizayini yokuhlanganisa ihabhu lamasondo angemuva ezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili
Izinkinga zokukhetha, ukushintshwa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-hub bear
Amasondo amasondo angaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ngakho-ke ajwayele ukugqoka nokuphuka ngokushesha.Ezimweni lapho kukhona i-hum yama-bearings, ukuphathwa kwemoto kuyawohloka, kune-backlash engenakugwenywa yama-hubs kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwemihlangano yehabhu kubonwa, ama-bearings kufanele ahlolwe.Uma kutholakala ukuthi zigugile noma ziphukile, kufanele zishintshwe.
Ama-bearings ezinhlobo nezinombolo zekhathalogi ezifakwe ngaphambilini kufanele zikhethelwe ukushintshwa.Akunconywa ukushintsha uhlobo lokuthwala isondo, njengoba lokhu kungashintsha izici ze-chassis ngokungalindelekile.Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni kwama-tapered bearings afakwe ngababili - kwezinye izimo angashintshwa ngokuzimela komunye nomunye, kwezinye izimo ukushintshwa okubhanqiwe kuphela kungenzeka.Futhi uma imoto isebenzisa ama-hubs anama-bearings ahlanganisiwe, kuzodingeka uthenge yonke inhlangano yomhlangano - ukushintshwa okuhlukile kwama-bearings kuwo akunakwenzeka.
Amasondo amasondo kufanele ashintshwe futhi alungiswe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa le moto (ibhasi, ugandaganda), futhi ngemva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukwenza izinyathelo zokulungisa ezichazwe emiyalweni yalezi zinyunithi.Uma unquma ukwenza esikhundleni ngokwakho, kufanele ubeke ithuluzi elikhethekile lokucindezela nokucindezela ama-bearings, ngaphandle kwalokho lo msebenzi ngeke ukwazi.
Ngokukhetha okufanele nokushintshwa, kanye nokugcinwa okuvamile kwamasondo amasondo, i-chassis yemoto izosebenza ngokujwayelekile kunoma yiziphi izimo amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2023