Ezimotweni zesimanje nasemabhasini, amadivaysi okukhanyisa amalambu ahlanganisiwe - ama-block headlights - asetshenziswa kabanzi.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini iyunithi yesibani, ukuthi ihluke kanjani kusibani esivamile, yiziphi izinhlobo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nokukhetha kwalawa madivayisi - funda kulesi sihloko.
Liyini ilambu?
Iyunithi yesilambu sekhanda idivayisi yokukhanyisa kagesi equkethe amalambu kanye namanye (noma wonke) amalambu esignali azotholakala ngaphambili kwemoto.Iyunithi yesibani iwumklamo owodwa, kulula ukuyifaka nokuyiqaqa, yonga isikhala futhi inikeza ukubukeka okukhangayo kwemoto.
Iyunithi yesibani singahlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zokukhanyisa kwezimoto:
• Amalambu acwilisiwe;
• Izibani ezikhanyayo eziphezulu;
• Izinkomba zendlela;
• Amalambu okupaka ngaphambili;
• Amalambu asemini (DRL).
Izibani ezivame kakhulu ezine-beam ephansi nephezulu, inkomba yokuqondisa kanye nokukhanya okusemaceleni, i-DRL ilula kakhulu ukufaka ngaphansi kwezinga lezibani, kulokhu zihambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo ze-GOST.Izibani zenkungu azihlanganisiwe kuyunithi yokukhanyisa, njengoba ukufakwa kwazo emotweni akudingeki.
Izinhlobo nezici zamalambu angaphambili
Izibani zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokubunjwa kwe-light beam esetshenziswa ku-head Optics, ukucushwa kanye nenani lezinto zokukhanyisa, uhlobo lwemithombo yokukhanya efakiwe (izibani) nezinye izici zokuklama.
Ngokuya ngenani lezinto zokukhanyisa, izibani zangaphambili zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana:
• Okujwayelekile - ilambu eliphambili lihlanganisa i-head Optics, inkomba yokuqondisa kanye nesibani sokupaka ngaphambili;
• Kwandisiwe - ngaphezu kwemishini yokukhanyisa engenhla, ama-DRL afakiwe ekukhanyeni.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izibani zangaphambili zebhulokhi zingaba nokucushwa okuhlukile kokukhanyisa:
• I-Head Optics - ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe okuphansi nokuphezulu, imithombo yokukhanya ehlukene yemishayo ephansi nephezulu, kanye nenhlanganisela yesibani esihlanganisiwe kanye nesibani esiphezulu esingeziwe singasetshenziswa;
• Izibani zokupaka zangaphambili - zingenziwa engxenyeni ehlukile yeyunithi yokukhanya kwekhanda (ibe ne-reflector yayo kanye ne-diffuser), noma ibe khona ngqo ekukhanyeni, eduze kwesibani esikhulu;
• Amalambu akhanya emini - angenziwa ngendlela yamalambu angawodwana engxenyeni yawo yesibani, kodwa ngokuvamile athatha isimo seteyiphu ngaphansi kwesibani noma amasongo azungeze amalambu.Njengomthetho, ama-DRL e-LED asetshenziswa ekukhanyeni kwebhulokhi.
Ngokomgomo wokwenza isibani esikhanyayo ku-optics yekhanda lezibani, iyunithi, njengejwayelekile, ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
• I-Reflective (reflex) - izinto ezilula zokukhanyisa ezisetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bezimoto amashumi eminyaka amaningi.I-headlamp enjalo ifakwe i-parabolic noma i-reflector eyinkimbinkimbi (i-reflector), eqoqa futhi ibonise ukukhanya okuvela esibani kuya phambili, iqinisekisa ukwakheka komngcele odingekayo wokusika;
• Ama-Searchlights (ukuqagela, amalensi) - izisetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi esezidumile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.I-headlight enjalo ine-reflector elliptical kanye ne-lens efakwe phambi kwayo, lesi simiso sonke siqoqa ukukhanya esibani futhi sakha i-beam enamandla enomngcele odingekayo wokusika.
Amalambu akhanyayo alula futhi ashibhile, kodwa izibani zokusesha zakha i-beam yokukhanya enamandla kakhulu, enobukhulu obuncane.Ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwama-floodlights nakho kungenxa yokuthi afaneleka kakhulu amalambu e-xenon.
I-Lenticular optics
Ngokusho kohlobo lwamalambu asetshenziswayo, izibani zangaphambili zingahlukaniswa zibe hhayi izinhlobo ezine:
• Izibani ze-incandescent - izibani zakudala zezimoto zasekhaya, namuhla ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kuphela;
• Izibani ze-halogen - izibani ezivame kakhulu namuhla, zihlanganisa intengo ephansi, amandla aphezulu okukhanya okukhanyayo nokuthembeka;
• Okwamalambu e-xenon akhipha igesi - izibani zesimanje ezibizayo ezinikeza ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kokukhanya;
• Izibani ze-LED - izibani zangaphambili ezingavamile kakhulu namuhla, zinenani eliphakeme kunalokho, nakuba ziqinile futhi zithembekile.
Izibani zangaphambili zesimanje ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanje zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngohlobo lwenkomba ehlanganisiwe yokuqondisa:
• Inkomba yokuqondisa ene-diffuser ekhanyelayo (emhlophe) - isibani esinesibani se-amber kufanele sisetshenziswe ekukhanyeni okunjalo;
• Isikhombi sesiqondiso esine-diffuser ephuzi - isibani esinjalo sisebenzisa isibani esikhanyayo (esingapendiwe).
Okokugcina, izibani ze-block emakethe ziyasebenza, iningi lalawa madivayisi angafakwa kuphela ezimotweni zebanga elifanayo lemodeli, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklanywa kwezibani eziningi kuthuthukiswa ngabanye ngemodeli eyodwa yemoto.Konke lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho ukhetha futhi uthenga iyunithi yokukhanyisa imoto.
Idizayini nezici zamalambu angaphambili
Wonke amalambu esimanje anomklamo ofanayo ngokuyisisekelo, ahluka kuphela ngemininingwane.Ngokuvamile, idivayisi iqukethe izici ezilandelayo:
1.Izindlu - isakhiwo esithwala umthwalo lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zifakwe khona;
2.I-Reflector noma i-reflectors - izibonisi zokukhanya kwekhanda nezinye izinto zokukhanyisa, zingahlanganiswa nesakhiwo esisodwa noma zenziwe ngendlela yezingxenye ezihlukene, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngepulasitiki futhi zibe nesibuko se-metalized;
3.I-Diffuser ingilazi noma iphaneli yepulasitiki yomumo oyinkimbinkimbi ovikela izingxenye zangaphakathi zokukhanya okuphambili (izibani kanye nesibonisi) emithonyeni engalungile yemvelo, futhi ibamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwe-beam yokukhanya.Kungaba okuqinile noma kuhlukaniswe izingxenye.Ubuso obungaphakathi buboshiwe, ingxenye ephezulu ye-boam ingaba bushelelezi;
4.Imithombo yokukhanya - izibani zohlobo olulodwa noma olunye;
5.Izikulufu zokulungisa - ezitholakala ngemuva kwesibani, ezidingekayo ukuze ulungise izibani.
Izibani zangaphambili zohlobo lwe-Searchlight ziyehluka ngomklamo, ngaphezu kwalokho zine-lens yokuqoqa efakwe ngaphambi kwesibonisi, kanye nesikrini esinyakazayo (ikhethini, ihood) esinomshini wokushayela osuselwa ku-electromagnetic.Isikrini sishintsha ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuvela kusibani, sinikeze ukushintsha phakathi kwe-beam ephansi nephezulu.Ngokuvamile, izibani zangaphambili ze-xenon zinomklamo onjalo.
Futhi, izakhi ezengeziwe zingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezibani:
• Kumalambu e-xenon - iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi yokuthungela nokulawula isibani se-xenon;
• Isilungisi selambu likagesi - imotor ehloselwe ukulungisa ilambu elihamba phambili ngokuqondile lisuka emotweni, elisetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuhambisana kwesiqondiso sokukhanya kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto iyini kanye nezimo zokushayela.
Ukufakwa kwamayunithi okukhanyisa emotweni kwenziwa, njengomthetho, ngezikulufo ezimbili noma ezintathu kanye nama-latches ngokusebenzisa ama-gaskets okufaka uphawu, amafreyimu angasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela othile wokuhlobisa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezibani zangaphambili, ukumiswa kwazo, ukwakheka kwezibani zokukhanyisa kanye nezici kulawulwa ngokuqinile, kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso (GOST R 41.48-2004 nabanye), okukhonjiswe emzimbeni wabo noma i-diffuser.
Ukukhethwa nokusebenza kwezibani zangaphambili
Ukukhethwa kwamayunithi amalambu angaphambili kunomkhawulo, njengoba iningi lale mikhiqizo yokukhanyisa yamamodeli ezimoto ahlukene (futhi ngokuvamile ngokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwemodeli efanayo) ayihambisani futhi ayishintsheki.Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthenge izibani zalezo zinhlobo nezinombolo zekhathalogi eziklanyelwe le moto ethile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuneqembu elikhulu lezibani zangaphambili ezingafakwa esikhundleni sezibani ezijwayelekile noma ngisho nezibani ezivamile ezimotweni zasekhaya, amaloli namabhasi.Kulokhu, udinga ukunaka izici ze-headlight, ukumiswa kwayo nokumaka.Ngokusho kwezici, konke kulula - udinga ukukhetha izibani ze-12 noma 24 V (kuye ngokuthi i-voltage yokuhlinzeka yenethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini).Ngokuphathelene nokucushwa, isibani sokukhanyisa kufanele sibe nezingxenye zokukhanyisa okufanele zibe semotweni.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya ekukhanyeni kwekhanda - kungaba isibani se-halogen, i-xenon noma ama-LED.Ngokusho kwezindinganiso, izibani ze-xenon zingasetshenziswa kuma-headlamp aklanyelwe lolu hlobo lomthombo wokukhanya kuphela.Okusho ukuthi, ukuzifakela kwe-xenon ezibanini ezijwayelekile akuvunyelwe - lokhu kugcwele izinhlawulo ezinkulu.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kwekhanda kuyahambisana nezinhlobo ezithile zezibani, udinga ukubheka ukumaka kwayo.Amathuba okufaka i-xenon kukhonjiswe ekumaka ngezinhlamvu DC (ugongolo oluphansi), DR (ugongolo oluphezulu) noma i-DC / R (ugongolo oluphansi noluphezulu).Amalambu e-halogen amakwe ngokulandelana kwawo HC, HR kanye ne-HC/R.Wonke amalambu akhona kulesi sibani amakiwe.Isibonelo, uma kukhona isibani se-halogen esisodwa kanye nesibani esisodwa se-xenon ekukhanyeni kokuqala, khona-ke sizomakwa ngohlobo lwe-HC/R DC/R, uma isibani esisodwa se-halogen namalambu amabili e-xenon kuyi-HC/R DC DR, njll.
Ngokukhetha okulungile kwamalambu, imoto izothola zonke izinto zokukhanyisa ezidingekayo, izohambisana nemithetho yamanje futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha emigwaqweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi emini noma ebusuku.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023