Yonke imoto yesimanje ifakwe ijeneretha kagesi ekhiqiza amandla amanje ukuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo lukagesi olusebhodini nawo wonke amadivaysi awo.Enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-generator yi-stator engaguquki.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini i-generator stator, ukuthi isebenza kanjani futhi isebenza kanjani kulesi sihloko.
Inhloso ye-generator stator
Ezimotweni zanamuhla nakwezinye izimoto, ama-alternator esigaba sesithathu ahambisanayo ane-self-excitation asetshenziswa.Ijeneretha evamile iqukethe i-stator egxilile egxilile endlini, i-rotor ene-excitation winding, ukuhlanganiswa kwebhulashi (ukunikeza amandla ku-winding yasendle), kanye neyunithi yokulungisa.Zonke izingxenye zihlanganiswe zibe umklamo ohlangene, ofakwe enjini futhi onebhande elisuka ku-crankshaft.
I-stator iyingxenye engashintshi ye-alternator yemoto ephethe i-winding esebenzayo.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-generator, ku-stator windings lapho kuvela khona amandla kagesi, aguqulwa (alungisiwe) futhi afakwe kunethiwekhi yebhodi.
I-generator stator inemisebenzi eminingana:
• Ithwala i-winding esebenzayo lapho kukhiqizwa khona amandla kagesi;
• Yenza umsebenzi wesitho somzimba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namajika asebenzayo;
• Idlala indima yesekethe kazibuthe ukuze kwandiswe i-inductance yamajika asebenzayo kanye nokusabalalisa okulungile kwemigqa yamagnetic field;
• Isebenza njengosinki wokushisa - isusa ukushisa okudlulele ekushiseni amawindi.
Wonke ama-stator anomklamo ofanayo futhi awahlukani ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
I-generator stator design
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-stator iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
• Iringithoni;
• Amawindi asebenzayo (amawinding);
• Ukufakwa kwama-windings.
Umgogodla uhlanganiswe kusuka kumapuleti ensimbi anemifantu ngaphakathi.Iphakheji yakhiwa kusuka kumapuleti, ukuqina nokuqina kwesakhiwo kunikezwa nge-welding noma i-riveting.Emgogodleni, ama-grooves enzelwe ukubeka ama-windings, futhi i-protrusion ngayinye iyijoka (core) lokuphenduka okuphendukayo.Umongo uqoqwe kusuka kumapuleti anobukhulu obungu-0.8-1 mm, owenziwe ngamamaki akhethekile ensimbi noma ama-ferroalloys ane-permeability ethile kazibuthe.Kungase kube khona amaphiko ngaphandle kwe-stator ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunqanyulwa kokushisa, kanye nemigodi ehlukahlukene noma izindawo zokuhlala zokudokha ngezindlu zokuphehla ugesi.
Amajeneretha ezigaba ezintathu asebenzisa ama-winding amathathu, eyodwa ngesigaba ngasinye.I-winging ngayinye yenziwe nge-copper insulated wire ye-cross-section enkulu (ene-diameter ye-0.9 kuya ku-2 mm noma ngaphezulu), ebekwe ngokulandelana okuthile emiseleni yomgogodla.Ama-winding anamatheminali lapho kukhishwa khona i-alternating current, imvamisa inombolo yezikhonkwane iba zintathu noma zine, kodwa kukhona ama-stator anamatheminali ayisithupha (i-winding ngayinye kwamathathu inezikhumulo zayo zokwenza ukuxhumana kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye).
Ema-grooves of the core kukhona into evikelayo evikela ukufakwa kocingo ekulimaleni.Futhi, kwezinye izinhlobo ze-stators, ama-wedges afaka i-insulating angafakwa emiseleni, esebenza njengesilungisi sokuphenduka okuphendukayo.Umhlangano we-stator ungaphinda ufakwe ama-epoxy resins noma ama-varnish, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo (ukuvimbela ukushintshwa kokujika) futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela ugesi.
I-stator ifakwe ngokuqinile endlini ye-generator, futhi namuhla umklamo osetshenziswa kakhulu lapho i-stator core isebenza njengengxenye yomzimba.Lokhu kwenziwa kalula: i-stator iboshiwe phakathi kwezembozo ezimbili zezindlu zejeneretha, eziqiniswe ngezikhonkwane - "isangweji" elinjalo likuvumela ukuthi udale imiklamo ehlangene ngokupholisa okuphumelelayo kanye nokugcinwa kalula.Umklamo nawo uyathandwa, lapho i-stator ihlanganiswe nesembozo sangaphambili se-generator, futhi isembozo sangemuva siyasuswa futhi sinikeza ukufinyelela ku-rotor, stator nezinye izingxenye.
Izinhlobo nezici zama-stators
Ama-stators ama-generator ahluke ngenombolo kanye nokuma kwama-grooves, uhlelo lokubeka ama-windings ku-grooves, umdwebo we-wiring we-windings kanye nezici zikagesi.
Ngokuya ngenani lama-grooves wokuphenduka kwama-windings, ama-stators ezinhlobo ezimbili:
• Ngezikhala eziyi-18;
• Ngezikhala ezingama-36.
Namuhla, umklamo we-36-slot yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu, njengoba unikeza ukusebenza okungcono kagesi.Ama-generator ane-stators ane-groove engu-18 namuhla angatholakala kwezinye izimoto zasekhaya zokukhishwa kokuqala.
Ngokusho kokuma kwama-grooves, ama-stators ezinhlobo ezintathu:
• Ngama-grooves avulekile - ama-grooves of cross-section rectangular, adinga ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kokuphenduka okuphendukayo;
• Ngemisele evalekile (emise okwe-wedge) - ama-groove asondele phezulu, ngakho-ke amakhoyili asontayo alungiswa ngokufaka ama-wedge noma ama-cambrics (amashubhu e-PVC);
• Ngama-semi-closed grooves for windings ane-single-turn coil - ama-grooves ane-cross-section eyinkimbinkimbi yokubeka ukuphenduka okukodwa noma okubili kocingo olunobubanzi obukhulu noma ucingo ngendlela ye-tape ebanzi.
Ngokusho kohlelo lokubeka amawindi, ama-stators ezinhlobo ezintathu:
• Nge-loop (loop distributed) circuit - intambo ye-winding ngayinye ifakwe emigodini yomgogodla ngezihibe (imvamisa ukujika okukodwa kubekwa ngokunyuka kwama-grooves amabili, ukuphenduka kwe-winding yesibili neyesithathu kufakwa kule grooves. - ngakho-ke ama-windings athola ukushintshwa okudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe i-current phase alternating current;
• Ngomjikelezo ogxilile we-wave - ucingo lwe-winging ngayinye lubekwe emigwaqweni ngamagagasi, ludlulele ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, futhi ku-groove ngayinye kukhona ukuphenduka okubili kokuhamba okukodwa okuqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa;
• Ngomjikelezo osakazwa ngamagagasi - ucingo luphinde lubekwe ngamagagasi, kodwa ukuphenduka kwe-winging eyodwa emiseleni kuqondiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokunqwabelanisa, ukujika ngakunye kunamajika ayisithupha asabalaliswe phezu komgogodla.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokubeka ucingo, kunezinhlelo ezimbili zokuxhuma ama-windings:
• "Inkanyezi" - kulokhu, ama-windings axhunywe ngokuhambisana (iziphetho zawo wonke ama-windings amathathu axhunywe endaweni eyodwa (zero), futhi ama-terminals awo okuqala akhululekile);
• "I-Triangle" - kulokhu, ama-windings axhunywe ochungechungeni (ukuqala kokuhamba okukodwa nokuphela komunye).
Lapho uxhuma ama-windings "ngenkanyezi", i-current ephakeme ibonakala, lesi sifunda sisetshenziswa kuma-generator anamandla angekho ngaphezu kwama-watts angu-1000, asebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngesivinini esiphansi.Lapho uxhuma ama-winding "ngonxantathu", amandla amanje ancishisiwe (izikhathi eziyi-1.7 ngokuhlobene "nenkanyezi"), noma kunjalo, amajeneretha anohlelo olunjalo lokuxhumana asebenza kangcono emandleni aphezulu, futhi umqhubi we-cross-section encane angaba. esetshenziselwa ukugoba kwawo.
Ngokuvamile, esikhundleni se-"triangle", isifunda "senkanyezi ekabili" sisetshenziswa, lapho i-stator akufanele ibe nezintathu, kodwa ama-windings ayisithupha - ama-windings amathathu axhunywe "inkanyezi", futhi "izinkanyezi" ezimbili zixhunywe kuzo. umthwalo ngokuhambisana.
Ngokusebenza, kuma-stators, into ebaluleke kakhulu i-voltage elinganiselwe, amandla kanye nokulinganisa okwamanje kuma-windings.Ngokusho kwamandla kagesi, ama-stators (kanye namajeneretha) ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
• Nge-voltage ephendukayo engu-14 V - ezimotweni ezine-voltage yenethiwekhi ebhodini engu-12 V;
• Nge-voltage kuma-windings angu-28 V - ngemishini ene-voltage yenethiwekhi esebhodini engu-24 V.
I-generator ikhiqiza i-voltage ephakeme, njengoba ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kwenzeka ngokungenakuvinjelwa ku-rectifier kanye ne-stabilizer, futhi emnyango wegridi yamandla ebhodini, i-voltage evamile ye-12 noma i-24 V isivele ibonwa.
Amajeneretha amaningi ezimoto, ogandaganda, amabhasi nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo anesilinganiso samanje se-20 kuya ku-60 A, 30-35 A sanele izimoto, amaloli angu-50-60 A, ama-generator ane-current efika ku-150 noma ngaphezulu A akhiqizwa. okwemishini esindayo.
Umgomo Wokusebenza we-Generator Stator
Ukusebenza kwe-stator kanye nayo yonke ijeneretha kusekelwe esenzakalweni sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic - ukwenzeka kwamanje ku-conductor ehamba endaweni kazibuthe noma ephumula endaweni yamagnetic eshintshanayo.Kumajeneretha ezimoto, isimiso sesibili sisetshenziswa - umqhubi lapho kuvela khona okwamanje, futhi insimu yamagnetic ishintsha njalo (ijikeleza).
Lapho injini iqala, i-rotor ye-generator iqala ukujikeleza, ngesikhathi esifanayo i-voltage evela ebhethri inikezwa ekungeneni kwayo okuthakazelisayo.I-rotor ine-multi-pole steel core, okuthi, lapho i-current isetshenziswa ekujikeni, iba yi-electromagnet, ngokulandelana, i-rotor ejikelezayo idala insimu yamagnetic eshintshanayo.Imigqa yenkambu yale nkambu inqamula i-stator etholakala eduze kwe-rotor.I-stator core isakaza insimu kazibuthe ngendlela ethile, imigqa yayo yamandla idlula ukuphenduka kwama-windings asebenzayo - ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, i-current ikhiqizwa kuzo, ekhishwa kuma-terminals of the winding, ingena ku-rectifier, i-stabilizer kanye nenethiwekhi esebhodini.
Ngokukhuphuka kwesivinini senjini, ingxenye yamanje evela ku-stator esebenza ukujikajika inikezwa i-rotor field winding - ngakho-ke i-generator ingena kumodi yokuzithokozisa futhi ayisadingi umthombo wamanje wenkampani yangaphandle.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-stator ye-generator ihlangabezana nokushisa kanye nemithwalo kagesi, futhi iphinde ivezwe kumathonya amabi emvelo.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-insulation phakathi kwama-windings kanye nokuwohloka kukagesi.Kulokhu, i-stator idinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa ngokuphelele.Ngokulungiswa okuvamile nokushintshwa ngesikhathi kwe-stator, i-generator izosebenza ngokwethembeka, inikeze imoto ngokuzinzile ngamandla kagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-24-2023