Imoto yesimanje iwuhlelo lukagesi oluthuthukisiwe olunenqwaba yezinto zikagesi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.Ukulawulwa kwalawa madivayisi kusekelwe kumadivayisi alula - ama-electromagnetic relays.Funda konke mayelana nama-relay, izinhlobo zabo, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha kwabo okulungile nokushintshwa, esihlokweni.
Iyini i-electromagnetic relay?
I-automotive electromagnetic relay iyingxenye yesistimu kagesi yemoto;Idivayisi yokulawula i-electromechanical ehlinzeka ngokuvalwa nokuvulwa kwamasekhethi kagesi lapho kusetshenziswa isiginali yokulawula kusukela kuzilawuli kudeshibhodi noma ezinzwa.
Imoto ngayinye yesimanje ifakwe uhlelo lukagesi oluthuthukisiwe, oluhlanganisa inqwaba, noma ngisho namakhulu amasekethe anamadivayisi ahlukahlukene - amalambu, izinjini zikagesi, izinzwa, izakhi zikagesi, njll. Amasekhethi amaningi alawulwa ngesandla umshayeli, kodwa ukushintsha kwalokhu. amasekhethi awenziwa ngokuqondile kudeshibhodi, kodwa kusetshenziswa ukude izakhi ezisizayo - ama-relay kagesi.
Ama-relay kagesi enza imisebenzi eminingana:
● Nikeza isilawuli kude samasekhethi kagesi, okukwenza kungenasidingo ukudonsa izintambo ezinkulu ngokuqondile kudeshibhodi yemoto;
● Amasekhethi ahlukene kagesi namasekhethi okulawula ugesi, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokwethembeka kohlelo lukagesi lwemoto;
● Yehlisa ubude bezintambo zamasekhethi kagesi;
● Ukwenza lula ukuqaliswa kwesistimu yokulawula ephakathi nendawo yezinto zikagesi zemoto - amalayidi ahlanganiswe ebhulokhini elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lapho kuhlangana khona inani elikhulu lamasekhethi kagesi;
● Ezinye izinhlobo zama-relay zinciphisa izinga lokuphazanyiswa kukagesi okwenzeka lapho ushintsha amasekhethi amandla.
Ama-relay ayingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu kagesi yemoto, ukusebenza okungalungile kwalezi zingxenye noma ukwehluleka kwazo kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kwemishini kagesi ngayinye noma amaqembu wonke emishini kagesi, kuhlanganise nalawo abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto.Ngakho-ke, ukudluliselwa okungalungile kufanele kuthathelwe indawo okusha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngaphambi kokuya esitolo salezi zingxenye, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo zazo, ukuklama nezici.
Ukudluliselwa kwezimoto
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kwama-relay kagesi
Konke ukudluliselwa kwezimoto, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo nokusebenziseka, kunomklamo ofanayo.I-relay iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-electromagnetic, i-armature ehambayo kanye neqembu lokuxhumana.I-electromagnetic iwukusonga kocingo lwethusi olunameleli lwezingxenye ezincane eziphambanayo, olufakwe kumongo wensimbi (umgogodla ozibuthe).Izikhali ezinyakazayo ngokuvamile zenziwa ngendlela yepuleti eliyisicaba noma ingxenye emise okuka-L, encike ngenhla kokuphela kukazibuthe kagesi.Ihange lihlala eqenjini lokuxhumana elenziwe ngendlela yamapuleti anwebekayo anethusi elicijile noma amanye amaphuzu okuxhumana.Lesi sakhiwo sonke sitholakala esisekelweni, engxenyeni engezansi lapho kukhona ukuxhumana okujwayelekile kommese, okuvalwe ngepulasitiki noma i-casing yensimbi.
umklamoUmgomo wokusebenza wamaphinikhodi angu-4 no-5
Indlela yokuxhuma kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-relay kusekelwe ezimisweni ezilula.I-relay ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda ezimbili - ukulawula namandla.Isifunda sokulawula sihlanganisa i-electromagnet winding, ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla (ibhethri, i-generator) kanye nomzimba olawulayo otholakala kudeshibhodi (inkinobho, shintsha), noma inzwa eneqembu lokuxhumana.Isifunda samandla sihlanganisa oyedwa noma ngaphezulu oxhumana naye odluliswayo, axhunywe kugesi kanye nedivayisi elawulwayo / isekethe.I-relay isebenza kanje.Lapho isilawuli sivaliwe, isifunda sokuvunguza kwe-electromagnet sivulekile futhi i-current ayigelezi kuyo, i-armature ye-electromagnet icindezelwa ngaphandle komgogodla ngesiphethu, othintana nabo abadluliselwe bavuliwe.Uma ucindezela inkinobho noma ushintsha, i-current igeleza ekujikeni kukazibuthe kagesi, kuvela inkambu kazibuthe eyizungezile, okubangela ukuthi i-armature ikhangwe kumongo.I-armature ihlezi koxhumana nabo futhi ibaguqule, iqinisekisa ukuvala ama-circuits (noma, ngokuphambene, ukuvulwa esimweni soxhumana nabo abavame ukuvalwa) - idivayisi noma isekethe ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla futhi iqala ukwenza imisebenzi yayo.Lapho i-electromagnet winding ikhishwa amandla, i-armature ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo, ivala idivayisi / isekethe.
Ama-relay we-electromagnetic ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa ngokuya ngenani loxhumana nabo, uhlobo lokushintshwa kokuxhumana, indlela yokufaka kanye nezici zikagesi.
Ngokwenombolo yoxhumana nabo, konke ukudluliselwa kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
● Izikhonkwane ezine;
● Izikhonkwane ezinhlanu.
Ku-relay yohlobo lokuqala kukhona othintana nabo bemimese abangu-4 kuphela, ku-relay yohlobo lwesibili sekuvele kukhona othintana nabo abangu-5.Kuwo wonke ama-relay, othintana nabo bahlelwa ngokulandelana okuthile, okuqeda ukufakwa okungalungile kwale divayisi ku-block yokukhwelana.Umehluko phakathi kwe-4-pin kanye ne-5-pin relays yindlela amasekhethi ashintshwa ngayo.
I-4-pin relay iyisisetshenziswa esilula esihlinzeka ngokushintshwa kwesekethe eyodwa kuphela.Oxhumana nabo banenhloso elandelayo:
● Oxhumana nabo ababili besifunda sokulawula - ngosizo lwabo, ukuvuthwa kwe-electromagnet kuxhunyiwe;
● Oxhumana nabo ababili besekethe yamandla ashintshiwe - basetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isekethe noma idivayisi ekunikezeni amandla.Laba othintana nabo bangaba ezifundeni ezimbili kuphela - "Vuliwe" (okwamanje kugeleza kusekethe) kanye "Kuvaliwe" (okwamanje akugelezi kusekethe).
I-5-pin relay iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu elingashintsha amasekhethi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalolu hlobo lwe-relay:
● Ngokushintsha isekethe eyodwa kuphela kwezimbili;
● Ngokushintshwa okufanayo kwamasekhethi amabili.
Kumadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala, abathintwayo banenhloso elandelayo:
● Oxhumana nabo ababili besifunda sokulawula - njengasekuqaleni, baxhunywe ekuphepheni kwe-electromagnet;
● Oxhumana nabo abathathu besekethe eshintshiwe.Lapha, iphinikhodi eyodwa yabiwe, kanti enye emibili ixhunywe kumasekhethi alawulwayo.Kuleyo relay, abathintwayo basezifundazweni ezimbili - esisodwa sivamise ukuvaleka (NC), esesibili sivamise ukuvuleka (HP).Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-relay, ukushintsha phakathi kwamasekethe amabili kuyenziwa.
Ukudluliselwa kwezimoto okunamaphini amane
Kumadivayisi ohlobo lwesibili, bonke othintana nabo basesimweni se-HP, ngakho-ke lapho i-relay icushiwe, womabili amasekhethi ashintshiwe avulwa noma acishwe ngokushesha.
Ukudluliselwa kungase kube nesici esengeziwe - isixhasi sokucindezela (ukucisha) noma i-semiconductor diode efakwe ngokuhambisana nokujikajika kukazibuthe kagesi.Lesi resistor/diode sikhawulela i-self-induction current of the electromagnet winding uma ifaka futhi ikhipha i-voltage kuyo, enciphisa izinga lokuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic okukhiqizwa yiyo.Ukudluliswa okunjalo kunokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ekushintsheni ezinye izifunda zesistimu kagesi yezimoto, kodwa ezimweni eziningi zingashintshwa ngokudlulisela okuvamile ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.
Zonke izinhlobo zokudlulisela zingafakwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
● Ukufakwa kuphela kubhulokhi yokubala - idivayisi iphethwe amandla ashayisanayo othintana nabo ezisekelweni zephedi;
● Ukufakwa ku-counter block ngokuqiniswa kubakaki - ipulasitiki noma ibakaki yensimbi yesikulufu yenziwa phezu kwendlu edluliswayo.
Amadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala afakwe emabhokisini e-relay kanye ne-fuse, avikelekile ekuweni ngesembozo noma izinsimbi ezikhethekile.Amadivayisi ohlobo lwesibili aklanyelwe ukufakwa endaweni yenjini noma kwenye indawo yemoto ngaphandle kweyunithi, ukuthembeka kokufakwa kuhlinzekwa ngubakaki.
Ama-relay e-electromagnetic ayatholakala ku-voltage yokunikezela engu-12 no-24 V, izici zabo eziyinhloko yilezi:
● I-Actuation voltage (imvamisa ama-volts ambalwa ngaphansi kwe-voltage yokuhlinzeka);
● Amandla okukhipha amandla (ngokuvamile ama-volts angu-3 noma ngaphezulu angaphansi kwe-actuation voltage);
● Isilinganiso esiphezulu samanje kumjikelezo oshintshiwe (ungasuka kumayunithi kuye kwamashumi ama-ampere);
● Okwamanje kumjikelezo wokulawula;
● Ukumelana okusebenzayo kokujika kozibuthe kagesi (imvamisa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-100 ohms).
Ibhokisi lokudlulisa kanye ne-fuse
Ezinye izici (i-voltage yokuhlinzeka, ama-currents ngezikhathi ezithile) zisetshenziselwa izindlu ezidluliswayo, noma ziyingxenye yokumaka kwayo.Futhi ecaleni kukhona umdwebo we-schematic we-relay kanye nenhloso yamatheminali ayo (ezimweni eziningi, izinombolo zezikhonkwane ezihambisana nezinombolo ngokusho komdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu kagesi yezimoto ezithile nazo zikhonjisiwe).Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukukhethwa nokushintshwa kwama-relay kagesi emotweni.
Ungakhetha kanjani futhi ufake esikhundleni i-relay kagesi
Ukudluliselwa kwezimoto kungaphansi kwemithwalo ebalulekile kagesi kanye nemishini, ngakho-ke kuyahluleka ngezikhathi ezithile.Ukuwohloka kwe-relay kubonakala ngokuhluleka kwanoma yimaphi amadivaysi noma ama-circuits wesistimu kagesi yezimoto.Ukuze kuqedwe ukungasebenzi kahle, i-relay kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ihlolwe (okungenani nge-ohmmeter noma i-probe), futhi uma kutholakala ukuwohloka, esikhundleni sayo kube esisha.
I-relay entsha kufanele ibe yohlobo kanye nemodeli efanayo neyasetshenziswa ngaphambilini.Idivayisi kufanele ifaneleke ngokwezici zikagesi (ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, i-actuation kanye ne-voltage yokukhulula, yamanje kusekethe eshintshiwe) kanye nenani labathintwayo.Uma kwakukhona i-resistor noma i-diode ku-relay endala, ngakho-ke kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ibe khona entsha.Ukushintshwa kwe-relay kwenziwa ngokumane ukhiphe ingxenye endala bese ufaka entsha endaweni yayo;Uma ubakaki unikeziwe, isikulufa esisodwa / ibhawudi kumele sikhishwe futhi siqiniswe.Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwe-relay, imishini kagesi yemoto izoqala ukusebenza ngokushesha
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2023