Cishe zonke izinjini ezivuthayo zepiston ezine-stroke zine-camshaft-based gas distribution mechanism.Konke mayelana nama-camshafts, izinhlobo zawo ezikhona, ukuklama nezici zomsebenzi, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwama-shafts, funda isihloko esihlongozwayo.
Inhloso ye-camshaft nendawo yayo kuyunithi yamandla
I-Camshaft (i-RV, i-camshaft) iyingxenye yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi (isikhathi) se-piston ezine-stroke ezine injini yangaphakathi evuthayo elawula inqubo yokushintshanisa igesi;I-shaft yensimbi enamakhamera abunjiwe ephrofayili ekhethekile, eqinisekisa ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve ukuze kufakwe ingxube evuthayo noma umoya kusilinda futhi ikhulule amagesi okukhipha umoya ngokuhambisana nokuhamba kwamapiston kanye nokusebenza kwawo wonke. amasilinda.
Isikhathi singenye yezinhlelo eziyinhloko zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ephindaphindiwe, ngenxa yalokho, ukunikezwa kwengxube ye-air-fuel (ezinjini ze-carburetor) noma umoya (kuma-injection kanye nezinjini ze-diesel) kumasilinda kuyaqinisekiswa, futhi amagesi aphumayo ayaqinisekiswa. ikhishwe kumasilinda kuphela ngezikhathi ezichazwe ngokuqinile.Ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenziwa ngama-valve akhelwe kusilinda ngasinye, futhi ukushayela kwawo nokuvumelanisa umsebenzi ne-crank mechanism nezinye izinhlelo zeyunithi yamandla kwenziwa yingxenye eyodwa - i-camshaft.
I-RV iphathiswe inombolo yemisebenzi ebalulekile:
● I-Actuator (eqondile noma engaqondile ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezimaphakathi) yamavalvu okungenisa nokukhipha umoya;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvumelanayo kwesikhathi nezinye izinhlelo zeyunithi yamandla;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwamavalvu okungena nawokukhipha umoya ngokuhambisana nesikhathi esibekiwe (sokungena kanye nokukhipha amagesi nge-engeli ethile yokuzungezisa i-crankshaft ehlobene ne-TDC kanye nokuqala / ukuphela kwemivimbo);
● Kwezinye izimo, ukushayela kwezinqubo nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa lezo ezisebenza ngokuhambisana nesikhathi (i-ignition breaker-distributor, iphampu kawoyela, njll.).
Indima eyinhloko edlalwa yi-RV ukulawula ukusebenza kwama-valve esikhathi ngokuhambisana nezigaba zesikhathi se-valve yokuklama yale yunithi ethile yamandla.Ngenxa yomklamo okhethekile, i-camshaft iqinisekisa ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwawo wonke ama-valve kuphela ngesikhathi esifanele, ibeka ama-engeli okugqagqana kwawo emivimbo ethile, njll. I-camshaft egugile, ekhubazekile noma eyonakele iphazamisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla noma ngokuphelele. iyayikhubaza, i-shaft enjalo idinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga ingxenye entsha, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo ezikhona ze-RV, ukwakheka kwazo nokusebenza kwazo.
Izinhlobo, isakhiwo kanye nezici camshafts
Ngokuvamile, i-RV yenziwe ngendlela yensimbi yensimbi yobubanzi obuncane, lapho kwakhiwa khona izakhi eziningana:
● Amakhamera;
● Ukusekela izintamo;
● Igiya kanye/noma i-eccentric drive yezindlela ezihlukahlukene;
● Isokisi lokukhweza i-pulley/giya yokushayela.
Izakhi eziyinhloko ze-camshaft zingamakhamera, inani lawo enjini ngaphandle komshini wokushintsha isigaba lihambisana nenani eliphelele lama-valve (kokubili ekuthatheni nasekuphumeni).Amakhamera anephrofayili eyinkimbinkimbi emise okweconsi, lapho i-RV izungeza, amakhamera agijima angene futhi agijime ama-pusher, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze i-valve drive.Ngenxa yezici zephrofayili ye-cam, akukhona nje ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve okufinyelelwayo, kodwa futhi ukuwagcina endaweni evulekile isikhathi esithile, eqa ngokuhambisana nezigaba, njll.
Iziqongo zawo wonke amakhamera ziyagudluzwa ngokuhlobene, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulandelanayo kwawo wonke amasilinda ngokuhambisana nomyalelo onqunyelwe iyunithi ethile yamandla.Ku-RV yezinjini ezine-cylinder, iziqongo zamakhamera we-cylinder eyodwa zishintshwa ngama-degree angama-90, izinjini zamasilinda ayisithupha - ngama-degree angama-60, ezinjini eziyisishiyagalombili ezimise okwe-V - ngama-degree angama-45, njll. ngokuvamile ungathola okuhlukile ngenxa yezici zokuklama zemoto.
I-RV ifakwa kubhulokhi noma ekhanda lenjini kusetshenziswa amajenali asekelayo emigodini noma emibhedeni eklanywe ngokukhethekile.I-RV incike kuma-detachable (liners) noma ucezu olulodwa (bushings) ama-rolling bearings ezenziwe ngama-alloys akhethekile ane-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana.Izimbobo zenziwe kuma-bearings ukuze kuhlinzekwe uwoyela wenjini kumajenali asuka ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokuthambisa injini.Ekufakweni kwelinye lamajenali (imvamisa ngaphambili noma ngemuva), iringi yokuphonswa noma enye idivayisi yokukhiya yenziwa ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwe-axial kwe-RV.
Kunoma iyiphi indawo ekahle ye-RV, kungakhiwa igiya le-helical noma i-eccentric ukushayela amayunithi ahlukahlukene.Ngosizo lwegiya, ukushayela kwepompo kawoyela noma umsabalalisi kuvame ukutholwa, futhi ngosizo lwe-eccentric, ukushayela kwepompo kawoyela kuyenzeka.Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-RV, zombili lezi zakhi zikhona, kuma-motor yesimanje, kunalokho, lezi zakhi azikho nhlobo.
Ngaphambi kwe-shaft kukhona uzwane, lapho i-pulley yokushayela noma igiya ifakwe ngokhiye kanye nebhawodi.I-counterweight ekhishwayo nayo ingatholakala lapha, ehlinzeka ngokulinganisa kwe-camshaft phambi kwe-pump drive eccentric noma ezinye izingxenye ze-asymmetrical kuyo.
Ama-RV ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngendlela yokufaka kanye nenani enjinini eyodwa, uhlobo lokushayela, ukusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zesikhathi kanye nezinye izici zokuklama.
Ngokwendlela yokufaka, ama-camshafts ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
● Ukufakwa ngqo ebhulokhini lenjini (amamotho ane-shaft ephansi);
● Ukufakwa ekhanda lebhulokhi (amamotho aneshaft engaphezulu).
Imvamisa, azikho izakhi ezengeziwe emigodini ephansi, ukugcotshwa kwazo kwenziwa ngenxa yenkungu yamafutha ku-crankcase kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamafutha ngaphansi kwengcindezi kumajenali okusekela ngokusebenzisa izihlahla.Emigodini engenhla kuvame ukuba nesiteshi se-longitudinal futhi ukubhola okuphambene kuyenziwa kumajenali okusekela - lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amajenali agcotshwe ngokufaka amafutha ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Ama-camshafts ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinjini
Injini ingaba ne-RV eyodwa noma ezimbili, esimweni sokuqala, i-shaft eyodwa inikeza idrayivu kuwo wonke ama-valve, esimweni sesibili, i-shaft eyodwa inikeza idrayivu kuphela kuma-valve wokungenisa, okwesibili ama-valve okukhipha kuphela.Ngakho-ke, ku-RV isiyonke, inani lamakhamera lihambisana nenani lawo wonke ama-valve, futhi ku-RV ngayinye ehlukene, inani lamakhamera liyingxenye yenani lama-valve.
I-RV ingashayelwa ibhande, iketango noma igiya elixhunywe ngqo egiyeni le-crankshaft.Namuhla, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zama-actuator zivame ukusetshenziswa, ngoba idrayivu yegiya ayithembeki kangako futhi kunzima ukuyilungisa (idinga ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile kweyunithi yokubeka izigaba noma ukulungisa).
Ekugcineni, wonke ama-RV angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ngokuya ngohlobo lwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi angasebenza ngayo:
● Izinjini ezinesikhathi esijwayelekile;
● Ngamayunithi anesikhathi ane-valve eguquguqukayo.
Kuma-camshafts ohlobo lwesibili, kungase kube namakhamera engeziwe, ashintshwe nge-angle encane ehlobene nekhamera eyinhloko - ngosizo lwabo, ama-valve aqhutshwa lapho isigaba sishintsha.Futhi, lezi shafts zingaba nezakhi ezikhethekile zokuguqula, ukususa yonke ingxenye eduze kwe-eksisi, njll.
Ama-RV azo zonke izinhlobo nemiklamo enziwe ngensimbi noma ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, indawo engaphezulu yamakhamera we-RVs ensimbi ibuye iphathwe ngokushisa (icinywa ngamaza anamandla aphezulu), amakhamera we-cast iron RV afakwe i-bleach (i-bleaching ngokunyusa izinga lokupholisa). of the cast) - lokhu kufeza ukwanda kokumelana nokugqokwa kwezingxenye.Ama-shafts aqediwe alinganiselwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphuma, bese kuphela lapho efakwa enjinini noma athunyelwe kumaketanga okuthengisa.
Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha i-camshaft ngendlela efanele
I-camshaft ingaphansi kokugqoka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-chips kanye nefomu lokuqina kumakhamera ayo, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ingxenye ibhujiswa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele.Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, i-shaft kufanele ithathelwe indawo entsha.Lo msebenzi udinga ukuhlukaniswa okuphawulekayo kwenjini kanye nokusebenza okwengeziwe kokulungiswa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuphathisa uchwepheshe noma isevisi yemoto.
I-Camshaft nendawo yayo ngesikhathi
Ukuze esikhundleni, kubalulekile ukuthatha camshaft kuphela uhlobo kanye imodeli efakwe enjinini ngaphambili.Imvamisa, ngenhloso yokulungisa noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini, kusetshenziswa ama-shaft anephrofayili ehlukile nokuhlelwa kwekhamera, kepha ukushintshwa okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokwenza izibalo ezidingekayo.Futhi, kanye ne-shaft, kuyadingeka ukuthenga ama-bushings amasha noma ama-liner, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukushintsha i-pulley, i-distributor drive gear nezinye izingxenye.Umsebenzi wokushintsha i-shaft kufanele wenziwe kuphela ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa injini, emva kwalokho ukugqekeza kwenziwa.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwe-camshaft, sonke isikhathi senjini sizosebenza ngokuthembekile nangokuzethemba, siqinisekisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuzo zonke izindlela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023