Kuzo zonke izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, i-crankshaft nezinduku zokuxhuma zizungeza ngama-bearings akhethekile - ama-liners.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini i-crankshaft liner, imiphi imisebenzi eyenzayo, yiziphi izinhlobo zamalayini nokuthi ahlelwe kanjani, kanye nokukhetha okulungile kwama-liner amasha ukuze alungiswe - funda isihloko.
Ayini ama-crankshaft liners?
I-crankshaft liner iyingxenye ye-crank mechanism yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, i-plain bear enciphisa ukulahleka kokungqubuzana nokuminyana kwezingxenye lapho kuhlangana khona i-crankshaft nombhede webhulokhi yenjini futhii-crankshaftngezinduku zokuxhuma ipiston.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-bearings angenalutho kungenxa yezimo ezinzima kanye nemithwalo ephezulu, lapho ama-rolling bearings (ibhola noma i-roller) azosebenza ngokungasebenzi kahle futhi angaba nensiza emfushane.Namuhla, amayunithi amaningi wamandla asebenzisa amalayini, futhi kuphela kwamanye amandla aphansi enjini eyodwa-silinda amabili, ama-rolling bearings asetshenziswa njengezisekelo ze-crankshaft.
Ama-crankshaft liners anemisebenzi eminingana eyisisekelo:
• Ukunciphisa amandla okungqubuzana lapho kuxhunywana khona ne-crankshaft, izisekelo ze-cylinder block kanye nezinduku zokuxhuma;
• Ukudluliswa kwamandla kanye nama-torque avela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini - kusukela kuzintambo zokuxhuma ku-crankshaft, ukusuka ku-crankshaft kuya ku-injini block, njll;
• Ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwamafutha (ukwakheka kwefilimu kawoyela) ezindaweni zokuhlikihla izingxenye;
• Ukuqondanisa okulungile kanye nokuma kwezingxenye ezihlobene nezinye.
Ama-crankshaft liners adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo alula kakhulu ngokuklama.
Izinhlobo nezici zama-crankshaft liners
Ama-Crankshaft plain bearings ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ngokuya ngendawo yokufaka, inhloso kanye nobukhulu bokukhanda.
Endaweni yokufakwa, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-liner:
•Owomdabu;
• Izinduku zokuxhuma.
Ama-bearings amakhulu angenalutho afakwe kumbhede we-crankshaft ebhulokhini lenjini futhi amboze amajenali amakhulu e-crankshaft, okuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwawo mahhala.Ama-bearings ethafeni okuxhuma afakwe ekhanda elingezansi lenduku yokuxhuma futhi amboze iphephabhuku lenduku yokuxhuma ye-crankshaft.
Futhi, okufakiwe kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokwenhloso yawo:
• Okuvamile - hlinzeka kuphela ngokunciphisa amandla okungqubuzana ezindaweni lapho kuthintana khona izingxenye;
• I-Locking main - ngaphezu kwalokho hlinzeka ngokulungiswa kwe-crankshaft embhedeni, ukuvimbela ukugudluka kwayo kwe-axial.
Ama-bearings avamile angama-half-rings ayisicaba, anezindonga ezincane ezinezindonga.Ukukhiya ama-bearings kungenziwa ngendlela ye-thrust half-rings (esetshenziselwa isethi ene-flat liner) kanye nama-liner anekholomu;Izindandatho eziyingxenye zifakwe ekugcineni kwenjini, ama-collar liners afakwe esisekelweni esisodwa noma ezimbili zombhede we-crankshaft.
Ama-crankshaft liners aguga ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi kufanele ashintshwe, amajenali e-crankshaft nawo angaphansi kokuguga, okuholela ekwandeni kwegebe phakathi kwezingxenye zokuhlikihla.Uma ufaka amalayini amasha anogqinsi olufana nalawo amadala, igebe lizohlala likhulu kakhulu, eligcwele ukungqongqoza kanye nokugqoka okunamandla nakakhulu.Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kusetshenziswa amalayini alokho okubizwa ngokuthi izilinganiso zokulungisa - ukushuba okwenyuka kancane okunxephezela ukugqokwa kwamajenali e-crankshaft.Ama-liner amasha anosayizi we-0.00, ama-liner okulungisa akhiqizwa ngokunyuka kokuqina ngo-0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 mm, ukufakwa okunjalo kuqokwe ngokulandelana +0.25, +0.5, njll.
Idizayini yama-crankshaft liners
I-crankshaft plain bearing iyinhlanganisela, iqukethe izindandatho ezimbili zensimbi eziyisicaba ezimboza ngokuphelele iphephabhuku le-crankshaft (phezulu nangaphansi).Kunezici ezimbalwa kule ngxenye:
• Izimbobo (eyodwa noma ezimbili) zokudlulisa amafutha eziteshini zikawoyela ku-crankshaft kanye nenduku yokuxhuma;
• Amalokhi ngendlela yama-spikes noma ama-grooves wezikhonkwane zokulungisa i-bearing ku-crankshaft bed support noma enhlokweni yenduku engezansi yokuxhuma;
• I-Longitudinal groove yokunikezwa kwamafutha emgodini (okwenziwa kuphela ku-liner etholakala eceleni kwesiteshi - lena i-liner eyinhloko ephansi kanye ne-rod rod liner ephezulu);
• Ku-collar thrust liners - izindonga ezisemaceleni (amakholomu) zokulungisa i-bearing kanye nokukhawulela ukunyakaza kwe-axial ye-crankshaft.
I-liner iyisakhiwo se-multilayer, isisekelo sayo ipuleti yensimbi ene-anti-friction coating esetshenziswa endaweni yayo yokusebenza.Yilesi sigqoko esihlinzeka ngokuncishiswa kokungqubuzana kanye nempilo ende yesevisi yokuthwala, yenziwe ngezinto ezithambile futhi, futhi, ingaba ne-multilayered.Ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo okuphansi, i-liner coating idonsa izinhlayiya ezincane zokugqoka kwe-crankshaft, ivimbele ukuminyana kwezingxenye, ukuklolodela, njll.
Ngokuklama, ama-crankshaft liners ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
•Bimetal;
• I-Trimetallic.
Ama-bimetallic bearings ahlelwe kalula.Zisekelwe emgqeni wensimbi onobukhulu obungu-0.9-4 mm (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo nenjongo yengxenye, ama-bearings ayinhloko akhudlwana, izinduku zokuxhuma zincane), lapho ungqimba lwe-antifriction olunobukhulu obungu-0.25- 0.4 mm isetshenziswa.i-lubricant eqinile) efika ku-75%, ingase futhi ibe nenani elincane le-nickel, i-cadmium, i-zinc nezinye izinsimbi.
Ngokungeziwe ku-anti-friction coating, ama-trimetallic liners anesendlalelo sekhava esinogqinsi luka-0.012-0.025 mm (12-25 μm), esihlinzeka ngezakhiwo zokuzivikela (ilwa nokugqwala nokuguga ngokweqile kongqimba oluyisisekelo) futhi ithuthukisa i-antifriction. izimfanelo zokuthwala.Lokhu kunamathela kwenziwa nge-lead-tin-copper alloy enokuqukethwe kokuhola okungu-92-100%, ithini kufika ku-12% nethusi elingekho ngaphezu kuka-3%.
Futhi, izendlalelo ezengeziwe zingase zibe khona kuma-bearings angenalutho:
• Isendlalelo esiphezulu esivikelayo sethini siwumbozo we-tin ohlanzekile onobukhulu obungama-microns angu-0.5-1 kuphela, ohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ekugqwaleni, amafutha kanye nokungcola ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukufakwa nokugijima kwe-liner;
• Ungqimba olungaphansi lokuvikela lukathayela luwungqimba olufanayo olusetshenziswa ngaphandle kolayini (ubheke izisekelo ze-crankshaft noma ingaphakathi lekhanda lenduku yokuxhuma);
• I-nickel sublayer (i-nickel barrier, i-gasket) - ungqimba oluncane lwe-nickel oluncane, olungadluli ku-1-2 micron phakathi kwe-antifriction eyinhloko kanye nongqimba olunamathelayo.Lolu ungqimba luvimbela ukusakazeka kwama-athomu kathayela asuka oqweqweni lokumboza aye kwelikhulu, okuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali koqweqwe oluyinhloko lwe-antifriction.Uma kungabikho isithiyo se-nickel ekugqokeni okuyinhloko, ukugxila kwe-tin kungase kwande, okuholela ekushintsheni okungalungile kuzici zokuthwala.
Isakhiwo esicatshangelwe sama-bearings angenalutho akuyona indinganiso, abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza izikimu zabo eziyingqayizivele kanye nemiklamo.Isibonelo, i-antifriction alloy eyinhloko ingasetshenziswa kusisekelo sensimbi hhayi ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokusebenzisa i-sublayer eyengeziwe ye-aluminium noma i-alloy yethusi, isendlalelo sokumboza singaba nezinhlobonhlobo zezingoma, kuhlanganise nokungaholeli, njll.
Izinkinga zokukhethwa nokushintshwa kwama-crankshaft liner
Lapho ukhetha ama-bearings angenalutho, kuyadingeka ukuqala kusukela kumodeli yenjini, ukugqokwa kwezingxenye zokukhwelana kanye nokuba khona kwama-liner okulungisa.Njengomthetho, ama-liner enzelwe uhla lwemodeli eyodwa noma imodeli eyodwa yenjini, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukushintshwa ngezingxenye ezivela kwenye injini (ngaphandle kokungavamile).Futhi, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ama-liner ngaphandle kokucabangela ukugqokwa kwamajenali we-crankshaft, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulungiswa kuzophenduka izinkinga ezinkulu nakakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha usayizi wokulungisa wama-bearings, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukugqokwa kwamajenali we-crankshaft nezinye izingxenye ezihlobene (imibhede, amakhanda enduku yokuxhuma, nakuba zingenakukwazi ukugqoka).Ngokuvamile, ukuguga kwezintamo kwenzeka ngokungalingani, ezinye zazo ziguga kakhulu, ezinye zincane, kodwa isethi yama-liner afanayo athengwa ukuze alungiswe, ngakho-ke zonke izintamo kufanele zibe phansi ngosayizi ofanayo.Ukukhethwa kwenani amajenali e-crankshaft azogaya kulo kuncike ekutholakaleni kwama-bearings osayizi abathile bokukhanda abafanele le njini ethile.Kumamotho anemayela eliphansi, osayizi bokukhanda be-+0.25 noma +0.5 bakhethiwe, kumamotho ane-mileage ebalulekile, ukugaya kusayizi wokulungisa ongu-+1.0 kungadingeka, kumamotho amadala ngisho nangaphezulu - kufika ku-+1.5.Ngakho-ke, ezinjini ezintsha, ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhiqizwa amalayini amasayizi amathathu noma amane okulungisa (kufika ku-+0.75 noma +1.0), kanti amadala angatholakala afinyelela ku-+1.5.
Usayizi wokulungisa we-crankshaft liners kufanele ube ngendlela yokuthi lapho uhlanganisa injini phakathi kwejenali ye-crankshaft nendawo yokuthwala, kukhona igebe ebangeni lika-0.03-0.07 mm.
Ngokukhetha okulungile kwama-bearings angenalutho we-crankshaft, injini, ngisho ne-mileage ephakeme, izosebenza kahle nangempumelelo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2023