Amaloli nemishini ehlukahlukene esindayo kusebenzisa amasistimu okubhuleka asebenza emoyeni, alawulwa ivalve yamabhuleki.Funda konke mayelana nama-valve amabhuleki, izinhlobo zawo, ukwakheka nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalolu phiko kulesi sihloko.
Iyini i-valve yebhuleki?
I-valve ye-Brake - isici sokulawula sesistimu ye-brake yezimoto ezine-pneumatic drive;i-valve ye-pneumatic eqhutshwa i-brake pedal, ehlinzeka ngomoya ocindezelwe kuma-actuator (ama-brake chambers) nezinye izingxenye zesistimu ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.
Emalolini nakwezinye izimoto ezinamasondo, amasistimu amabhuleki aqhutshwa umoya asetshenziswa kakhulu, aphakeme ngokusebenza kahle kanye nokwethembeka kumasistimu asebenza ngamanzi.Ukulawulwa kwamayunithi wesistimu kwenziwa ngamadivayisi akhethekile - ama-valve nama-valve.Enye yezindima ezibalulekile ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic idlalwa yi-valve ye-brake, lapho kulawulwa khona amabhuleki esondo.
I-valve yebhuleki yenza imisebenzi eminingana:
● Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komoya ocindezelwe emakamelweni amabhuleki lapho kudingekile ukwenza ibhuleki;
● Ukunikeza "i-pedal pedal feeling" (ubudlelwano obulinganayo phakathi kwezinga lokubhuleka kwemoto namandla ku-pedal, okuvumela umshayeli ukuthi ahlole kahle inqubo yokubhuleka futhi alungise le nqubo);
● Amavalvu anezigaba ezimbili - ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesekhethi eyodwa uma kwenzeka kuvuza komoya kwenye.
Kungenxa yosizo lwe-valve ye-brake ukuthi isistimu ye-brake ilawulwa kuzo zonke izindlela zokushayela, ngakho-ke le yunithi ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwemoto.I-crane engalungile kufanele ilungiswe noma ishintshwe, futhi ngokukhetha kwayo okulungile kuyadingeka ukuqonda izinhlobo ezikhona, umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwalezi zisetshenziswa.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-valve yamabhuleki
Ama-valve amabhuleki asetshenziswa ezimotweni ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokwenani lezigaba zokulawula:
- Isigaba esisodwa;
- Izigaba ezimbili.
I-valve yebhuleki nge-pedal
Okhreni abayingxenye eyodwa bafakwa ezimotweni ezingasebenzisi ama-trailer afakwe amabhuleki omoya.Okungukuthi, le crane inikeza ukulawula kuphela uhlelo braking imoto.Ama-cranes anezigaba ezimbili asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezisebenza ngama-trailer / ama-semi-trailer anesistimu ye-air brake.I-crane enjalo ihlinzeka ngokulawula amabhuleki kagandaganda kanye ne-trailer kusuka ku-pedal eyodwa.
Ngokulandelayo, ama-cranes anezigaba ezimbili ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngendawo kanye nendlela yokulawula izigaba:
● Ngokulawula i-lever yesigaba ngasinye - idrayivu yenziwa kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezimbili ezinamahinge ezinedrayivu eyodwa ene-thrust from the pedal pedal, kule divayisi izigaba zizimele (azixhunywanga);
● Ngenduku evamile yezigaba ezimbili - idrayivu yazo zombili izigaba yenziwa induku eyodwa, eqhutshwa yi-brake pedal, kule divayisi ingxenye eyodwa ingalawula ukusebenza kwesibili.
Umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwawo wonke ama-valve ayafana ngokuyisisekelo, futhi umehluko ulele emininingwaneni echazwe ngezansi.
Ingxenye ye-crane iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko: i-actuator, idivayisi yokulandelela, ama-valve okukhiphayo nawokukhipha.Zonke izingxenye zibekwe esimweni esivamile, zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: engxenyeni eyodwa, ukuxhumana nomkhathi, kukhona idrayivu kanye nedivaysi yokulandelela;Engxenyeni yesibili, exhunywe ukufakwa kumamukeli (abamukeli) kanye nomugqa wekamelo lokubhuleka, ama-valve okungenisa kanye nokukhipha afakwe kunduku efanayo atholakala.Izingxenye zomzimba zihlukaniswa nge-elastic (irabha noma i-rubberized) diaphragm, eyingxenye yedivayisi yokulandelela.I-actuator iwuhlelo lwamalever noma i-push lever exhunywe ku-pedal yebhuleki ngenduku.
Idivayisi yokulandelela ixhunywe ngokuqondile ku-valve drive kanye ne-brake pedal, iqukethe induku nesiphethu (noma i-piston yokucushwa okuthile), ukuphela kwenduku kutholakala ngaphezu kwesihlalo esinyakazayo se-valve yokukhipha - a ithubhu efakwe engilazini, yona, ehlala ngokumelene ne-diaphragm.Kukhona imbobo engilazini ehlinzeka ukuxhumana phakathi kwengxenye yesibili yomzimba kanye nomkhathi.Ama-valve okungenisa nawokuqeda enziwa ngendlela yezigaxa zenjoloba noma izindandatho eziphumulele ezihlalweni zabo.
I-valve yebhuleki isebenza kalula.Lapho i-pedal ikhishwa, ama-valve ahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi umugqa owamukelayo uvinjwe, futhi umugqa we-brake chamber uxhumana nomkhathi - kulesi sikhundla uhlelo lwe-brake alusebenzi.Lapho i-pedal ye-brake icindezelwa, idivayisi yokulandelela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavala futhi i-valve yokudonsa iyavuleka ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyilapho i-valve cavity nama-valve inqanyuliwe emkhathini.Kulesi simo, umoya ocindezelwe ovela kubamukeli ugeleza ngama-valve ukuya emakamelweni amabhuleki - ukubhuleka kuyenziwa.Uma umshayeli emisa i-pedal kunoma yisiphi isikhundla, ingcindezi emzimbeni we-crane, enqanyuliwe emkhathini, ikhula ngokushesha, isiphethu sedivayisi yokulandelela sicindezelwa, isihlalo se-valve yokukhipha siyakhuphuka, okuholela ekuvaleni kokuthatha. i-valve - umoya ovela kubamukeli uyayeka ukugeleza emakamelweni amabhuleki.Kodwa-ke, i-valve yokukhipha ayivuli, ngakho-ke ingcindezi emgqeni wekamelo le-brake ayinciphi, ngenxa yokuthi i-braking yenziwa ngamandla owodwa noma amanye.Ngokucindezela okwengeziwe kwe-pedal, ama-valve aphinde avuleke futhi umoya ungena emakamelweni - ukubhuleka kunamandla kakhulu.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulingana komzamo osetshenziswa ekunyaweni kanye nokuqina kokubhuleka, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kudala "umuzwa we-pedal".
Ukuklama nokusebenza kwe-crane ye-KAMAZ enezigaba ezimbili
Lapho i-pedal ikhishwa, idivayisi yokulandelela isuswa kuma-valve, ngenxa yalokho i-valve yokungena ivala ngaphansi kwesenzo se-spring, futhi i-valve yokukhipha iyavuleka - umoya ocindezelwe ovela emgqeni wekamelo lokubhuleka uya emkhathini, ukuvimbela ukuvimbela. kwenzeka.Uma ucindezela i-pedal futhi, zonke izinqubo ziyaphindwa.
Kuneminye imiklamo yama-valve ama-brake, kufaka phakathi i-valve eyodwa kuphela ethatha indawo ye-valve yokukhipha kanye ne-exhaust, kodwa isimiso sokusebenza kwamadivayisi anjalo sifana nalokhu okuchazwe ngenhla.Kwamanye ama-cranes anezigaba ezimbili, isigaba esisodwa (esiphezulu) singasebenza njengedivaysi yokulandelela yesigaba esiphansi, amadivaysi anjalo anezinqubo ezengeziwe zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesigaba esiphansi ngokungabikho kwengcindezi engxenyeni engenhla.
Ama-valve amabhuleki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi aklanywe kanjani futhi asebenza kanjani, angaba nenani lezinto ezisizayo:
● I-pneumatic brake light switch iyithuluzi lokushintsha i-electro-pneumatic elixhumana nembobo yevalvu, okuthi, lapho umfutho ukhuphuka (okungukuthi, lapho ibhuleka) ikhanyise ibhuleki lemoto;
● I-Muffler ("isikhunta") iyisisetshenziswa esinciphisa izinga lomsindo womoya okhishelwa emkhathini lapho imoto idedelwa;
● Ukushayela ngesandla - amalevu noma izinduku ongakwazi ngazo ukubhuleka / ukubhuleka imoto ezimeni eziphuthumayo noma ukulungisa.
Futhi emzimbeni we-crane kukhona imikhondo ehlanganisiwe yokuxhuma amapayipi avela kubamukeli kanye nemigqa yamagumbi amabhuleki, amabakaki noma amagagasi anezimbobo ezikhulayo nezinye izakhi.
Ama-valve angafakwa endaweni elula eduze nezinye izakhi zesistimu ye-pneumatic, noma ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwe-brake pedal.Esimweni sokuqala, uhlelo lwezintambo kanye nezinsimbi kunikezwa ukuze kudluliselwe amandla ku-crane, esimweni sesibili, i-pedal ingatholakala eduze noma ngokuqondile ku-crane futhi ibe nedrayivu yobude obuncane.
Izinkinga zokukhetha, ukukhanda nokushintshwa kwama-brake valves
I-valve yebhuleki ingenye yezilawuli ezibaluleke kakhulu zesistimu yamabhuleki, ngakho idinga ukunakekelwa njalo, futhi uma kukhona ukungasebenzi, kufanele ilungiswe noma ishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uhlobo nemodeli kuphela ye-crane efakwe emotweni ngaphambili okufanele ithathwe ukuze ishintshwe, uma kunesidingo, ama-analogue anezici ezifanele (ingcindezi yokusebenza nokusebenza), ubukhulu bokufaka kanye nohlobo lokushayela lungasetshenziswa.Ukufakwa kwe-crane entsha kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa kwemoto, izinsimbi ezidingekayo, izakhi zokuvala kanye nezinto zokugcoba kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
I-crane ingaphansi kokunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi wemoto.I-TO-2 ngayinye yenziwa ngokuhlola okubonakalayo kweyunithi futhi ibheka ukuqina kwayo (ukusesha ukuvuza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile noma i-emulsion yesepha kanye nendlebe), kanye nokugcotshwa kwezingxenye zokuhlikihla.Njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-70, i-crane iyahlakazwa futhi ihlakazwe ngokuphelele, igezwe futhi ibhekane nokuxazululwa kwezinkinga, izingxenye ezigugile noma ezinephutha zithathelwa indawo ezintsha, ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa okulandelayo, izinto zokuthambisa kanye nokuvala ziyabuyekezwa.Kulokhu, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ulungise i-valve stroke kanye ne-valve actuator.Le misebenzi kufanele yenziwe nguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.
Ngokukhetha okufanele nokushintshwa, kanye nokugcinwa njalo, i-valve yebhuleki izosebenza ngokwethembeka, iqinisekise ukulawula okuphumelelayo kwesistimu yokubhuleka yemoto kuzo zonke izindlela zokushayela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2023