Ezimotweni ezine-hydraulic braking system, amasilinda amabhuleki amakhulu namasondo adlala indima enkulu.Funda mayelana nokuthi iyini i-cylinder ye-brake, yiziphi izinhlobo zamasilinda akhona, ahlelwe kanjani futhi asebenza kanjani, kanye nokukhetha okulungile, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwalezi zingxenye esihlokweni.
I-Brake cylinder - imisebenzi, izinhlobo, izici
I-Brake cylinder yigama elijwayelekile lokulawula kanye nama-activator amasistimu amabhuleki ezimoto ezishayelwa ngamanzi.Kunamadivayisi amabili ahlukene ngomklamo nenjongo:
• I-Brake master cylinder (GTZ);
• Amasilinda amabhuleki amasondo (asebenzayo).
I-GTZ iyisici esilawulayo kuwo wonke ama-brake system, amasilinda amasondo angama-actuator asebenza ngqo amabhuleki esondo.
I-GTZ ixazulula izinkinga ezimbalwa:
• Ukuguqulwa kwamandla emishini ukusuka ku-pedal yebhuleki ukuya ekucindezelweni koketshezi olusebenzayo, okwanele ukushayela ama-actuator;
• Ukuqinisekisa izinga eliqhubekayo loketshezi olusebenzayo ohlelweni;
• Ukugcina ukusebenza kwamabhuleki uma elahlekelwa ukuminyana, ukuvuza nakwezinye izimo;
• Ukwenza kube lula ukushayela (nge-brake booster).
Amasilinda esigqila anomsebenzi owodwa obalulekile - ukushayela kwamabhuleki esondo lapho ubhuleka imoto.Futhi, lezi zingxenye zinikeza ukubuyisela ingxenye ye-GTZ endaweni yayo yokuqala lapho imoto ikhishwa.
Inombolo nendawo yamasilinda incike ohlotsheni lwemoto kanye nenani lama-ekseli.I-brake master cylinder yinye, kodwa inezigaba eziningi.Inani lamasilinda asebenzayo lingalingana nenani lamasondo, kabili noma kathathu ngaphezulu (lapho ufaka amasilinda amabili noma amathathu esondweni).
Ukuxhumana kwamabhuleki esondo ku-GTZ kuncike ohlotsheni lokushayela imoto.
Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngemuva:
• Isifunda sokuqala - amasondo angaphambili;
• Isekhethi yesibili amasondo angemuva.
Umdwebo ojwayelekile wesistimu yokubhuleka yemoto
Ukuxhumana okuhlangene kungenzeka: uma kukhona amasilinda amabili asebenzayo esondweni ngalinye langaphambili, omunye wabo uxhunywe kumjikelezo wokuqala, owesibili kuya kwesibili, usebenza kanye namabhuleki angemuva.
Izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angaphambili:
• Isifunda sokuqala - amasondo angemuva kwesokudla nakwesokunxele;
• Isekhethi yesibili - amasondo angemuva kwesokunxele nangemuva kwesokudla.
Okunye ukucushwa kwamabhuleki kungasetshenziswa, kodwa izikimu ezingenhla yizona ezivame kakhulu.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-brake master cylinder
Amasilinda amabhuleki amakhulu ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokwenani lamasekhethi (izigaba):
• Isiyingi esisodwa;
• Isiyingi esiphindwe kabili.
Amasilinda e-Single-circuit awasetshenziswa namuhla, angatholakala kwezinye izimoto ezindala.Iningi lezimoto zesimanje zifakwe i-dual-circuit GTZ - empeleni lezi zingamasilinda amabili emzimbeni owodwa asebenza kumasekethe amabhuleki azimele.I-dual-circuit braking system isebenza kahle kakhulu, ithembekile futhi iphephile.
Futhi, amasilinda ayinhloko ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokuya ngokuba khona kwe-booster brake:
• Ngaphandle kwe-amplifier;
• Nge-vacuum brake booster.
Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe i-GTZ ene-integrated vacuum brake booster, esiza ukulawula nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo.
Idizayini ye-booster ye-brake eyinhloko ilula.Isekelwe ku-cast cylindrical body, lapho kukhona ama-pistons amabili afakwe ngemva komunye - akha izingxenye zokusebenza.I-piston yangaphambili ixhunywe yinduku ku-booster ye-brake noma ngokuqondile ku-pedal ye-brake, i-piston yangemuva ayinakho ukuxhumana okuqinile nangaphambili, phakathi kwabo kukhona induku emfushane nesiphethu.Engxenyeni engenhla yesilinda, ngaphezu kwesigaba ngasinye, kuneziteshi zokudlula kanye nezinxephezelo, futhi ipayipi elilodwa noma amabili aphuma esigabeni ngasinye ukuze kuxhunywe kumasekethe asebenzayo.I-reservoir ye-brake fluid ifakwe ku-cylinder, ixhunywe ezigabeni kusetshenziswa i-bypass kanye neziteshi zesinxephezelo.
I-GTZ isebenza kanje.Uma ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake, i-piston yangaphambili iyashintsha, ivimbela isiteshi sesinxephezelo, ngenxa yalokho isifunda sivalwa futhi ingcindezi yoketshezi olusebenzayo iyanda kuyo.Ukwanda kwengcindezi kubangela ukuthi i-piston yangemuva ihambe, iphinde ivale isiteshi sokunxeshezelwa futhi icindezele uketshezi olusebenzayo.Lapho ama-pistons ehamba, iziteshi ze-bypass ku-cylinder zihlala zivulekile, ngakho-ke uketshezi olusebenzayo lugcwalisa ngokukhululekile imigodi eyakhiwe ngemuva kwamapiston.Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi kuzo zombili izifunda zesistimu ye-brake iyanda, ngaphansi kwethonya lale ngcindezi, ama-cylinders ama-wheel brake aqala, aqhube ama-pads - imoto iyancipha.
Lapho umlenze we-pedal ususiwe, ama-pistons athambekele ekubuyeleni endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni (lokhu kunikezwa yiziphethu), futhi iziphethu ezibuyayo zamapayipi acindezela amasilinda asebenzayo nawo afaka isandla kulokhu.Kodwa-ke, uketshezi olusebenzayo olungena emigodini ngemuva kwe-pistons ku-GTZ ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zokudlula akuvumeli ukuthi ama-piston abuyele ngokushesha endaweni yawo yokuqala - ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhululwa kwamabhuleki kubushelelezi, futhi uhlelo lusebenza ngokuthembekile.Lapho ubuyela endaweni yokuqala, ama-piston avula isiteshi sesinxephezelo, ngenxa yalokho ukucindezela emibuthanweni yokusebenza kuqhathaniswa nokucindezela komkhathi.Lapho i-pedal ye-brake ikhishwa, uketshezi olusebenzayo oluvela endaweni yokugcina amanzi lungena ngokukhululekile kumasekhethi, okunxephezela ukwehla kwenani loketshezi ngenxa yokuvuza noma ngenxa yezinye izizathu.
Idizayini ye-brake master cylinder iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesistimu uma kwenzeka kuvuza uketshezi olusebenzayo kwenye yamasekhethi.Uma ukuvuza kwenzeka kumjikelezo oyinhloko, khona-ke i-piston yesifunda sesibili iqhutshwa ngokuqondile ku-piston yesifunda esiyinhloko - induku ekhethekile inikezwa kulokhu.Uma ukuvuza kwenzeka kumjikelezo wesibili, khona-ke lapho ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake, le piston ihlezi ekupheleni kwesilinda futhi inikeza ukwanda kokucindezela kwamanzi kumjikelezo oyinhloko.Kuzo zombili izimo, ukuhamba kwe-pedal kuyanda futhi ukusebenza kahle kwebhuleki kuncipha kancane, ngakho ukungasebenzi kahle kufanele kuqedwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-vacuum brake booster nayo inomklamo olula.Isekelwe emzimbeni we-cylindrical ovaliwe, ohlukaniswe ulwelwesi lwaba ngamakamelo amabili - i-vacuum yangemuva kanye ne-atmospheric yangaphambili.Igumbi le-vacuum lixhunywe ku-injini yokungenisa okuningi, ngakho-ke ukucindezela okuncishisiwe kudaleka kuyo.Ikamelo lomkhathi lixhunywe isiteshi ku-vacuum, futhi lixhunywe nomoya.Amakamelo ahlukaniswe i-valve efakwe ku-diaphragm, induku idlula kuyo yonke i-amplifier, exhunywe ku-pedal ye-brake ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ihlezi ku-cylinder master brake ngakolunye.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-amplifier umi kanje.Uma i-pedal ingacindezelwe, zombili amakamelo axhumana nge-valve, ukucindezela okuphansi kubonakala kuwo, umhlangano wonke awusebenzi.Lapho amandla esetshenziswa ku-pedal, i-valve inqamula amakamelo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ixhuma ikamelo elingaphambili emkhathini - ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi kuyo iyanda.Ngenxa yomehluko wengcindezi emakamelweni, i-diaphragm ijwayele ukuya egunjini le-vacuum - lokhu kudala amandla engeziwe esiqwini.Ngale ndlela, i-vacuum booster yenza kube lula ukulawula amabhuleki ngokunciphisa ukumelana kwe-pedal uma uyicindezela.
Idizayini kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kwamasilinda amabhuleki amasondo
Amasilinda esigqila seBrake ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:
• Ngamabhuleki amasondo esigubhu;
• Ngamabhuleki amasondo ediski.
Amasilinda esigqila kumabhuleki esigubhu ayizingxenye ezizimele ezifakwe phakathi kwamaphedi futhi ziqinisekise ukunwetshwa kwazo ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.Amasilinda asebenzayo amabhuleki e-disc ahlanganiswe nama-calipers ama-brake, ahlinzeka ngokucindezela kwama-pads ku-disc ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.Ngokwesakhiwo, lezi zingxenye zinomehluko omkhulu.
Isilinda sokubhuleka kwesondo samabhuleki esigubhu esimweni esilula kakhulu yishubhu (umzimba ophonswe) ofakwe amaphistoni asuka ekugcineni, phakathi kwawo okunomgodi woketshezi olusebenzayo.Ngaphandle, ama-pistons anezindawo zokuxhuma zokuxhuma nama-pads, ukuvikela ekungcoleni, ama-pistons avaliwe ngama-caps elastic.Okunye futhi okungaphandle kuyindawo efanelekile yokuxhumana nesistimu yamabhuleki.
I-cylinder ye-brake ye-disc brakes iyi-cylindrical cavity ku-caliper lapho kufakwa khona ipiston nge-O-ring.Ngasemuva kwepiston kunesiteshi esixhunywe kwisekethe ye-brake system.I-caliper ingaba nesilinda esisodwa kuya kwezintathu ezinobubanzi obuhlukene.
Amasilinda amabhuleki amasondo asebenza kalula.Lapho i-braking, ingcindezi kumjikelezo iyanda, uketshezi olusebenzayo lungena emgodini we-cylinder bese luphusha i-piston.Ama-pistons we-drum brake cylinder aphushwa ezinhlangothini eziphambene, ngayinye yazo ishayela i-pad yayo.Ama-caliper pistons aphuma emigodini yawo bese ecindezela (ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, ngomshini okhethekile) iphedi eya esigubhu.Lapho i-braking ima, ingcindezi kumjikelezo iyancipha futhi ngesikhathi esithile amandla emithombo yokubuyisela anele ukubuyisela ama-piston endaweni yawo yokuqala - imoto iyakhululwa.
Ukukhethwa, ukushintshwa nokugcinwa kwamasilinda amabhuleki
Lapho ukhetha izingxenye okukhulunywa ngazo, kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto.Uma ufaka amasilinda emodeli ehlukile noma uhlobo, amabhuleki angase awonakale, okungamukeleki.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amasilinda enkosi kanye nesigqila awadingi ukugcinwa okukhethekile futhi asebenze ngaphandle kwezinkinga iminyaka eminingi.Uma ukusebenza kwamabhuleki noma uhlelo lonke luwohloka, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga amasilinda futhi, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kwawo, mane uwashintshe.Futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukuhlola izinga le-brake fluid ku-reservoir futhi, uma kunesidingo, uligcwalise.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023