Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zisebenzisa i-air suspension enemingcele eguquguqukayo.Isisekelo sokumiswa siwumthombo womoya - funda konke mayelana nalezi zakhi, izinhlobo zazo, izici zokuklama nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye, esihlokweni.
Yini isiphethu somoya?
I-air spring (i-air spring, i-air cushion, i-air spring) - isici esinwebekayo sokumiswa komoya kwezimoto;i-cylinder ye-pneumatic enekhono lokushintsha ivolumu nokuqina, etholakala phakathi kwe-axle yesondo kanye nohlaka / umzimba wemoto.
Ukumiswa kwezimoto ezinamasondo kwakhiwe phezu kwezakhi zezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko - nokunwebeka, umhlahlandlela kanye nokumanzisa.Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokumiswa, iziphethu neziphethu zingasebenza njenge-elastic element, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-levers zingasebenza njengesiqondiso (futhi ekumisweni kwentwasahlobo - iziphethu ezifanayo), ama-shock absorbers angasebenza njengento edambisayo.Ekumisweni komoya kwesimanje kwamaloli nezimoto, lezi zingxenye zikhona, kepha indima yezakhi ezinwebekayo kuzo yenziwa ngamasilinda omoya akhethekile - iziphethu zomoya.
I-air spring inemisebenzi eminingana:
● Ukudluliselwa kwezikhathi ukusuka endaweni yomgwaqo ukuya kuhlaka / umzimba wemoto;
● Ukushintsha ukuqina kokulengiswa ngokuhambisana nomthwalo nezimo zomgwaqo zamanje;
● Ukusatshalaliswa nokulingana komthwalo kuma-ekseli amasondo namasondo ngamanye emoto enokulayisha okungalingani;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwemoto lapho ushayela emithambekeni, ezintweni ezingalungile emgwaqeni nasekujikeni;
● Ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwemoto lapho ushayela emigwaqweni enezindawo ezihlukene.
Okungukuthi, i-air spring idlala indima efanayo ohlelweni lokumiswa kwamasondo njengentwasahlobo noma intwasahlobo evamile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe ukuqina kokumiswa futhi ulungise izici zayo kuye ngokuthi izimo zomgwaqo, ukulayisha, njll. ngaphambi kokuthenga isiphethu somoya esisha, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo ezikhona zalezi zingxenye, ukwakheka kwazo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.
Izinhlobo, umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwemithombo yomoya
Izinhlobo ezintathu zeziphethu zomoya ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje:
● Isilinda;
● I-diaphragm;
● Uhlobo oluxubile (okuhlanganisiwe).
Iziphethu zomoya zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinezici zazo zokuklama futhi ziyahlukahluka kumgomo wokusebenza.
Izinhlobo kanye nomklamo wemithombo yomoya
Iziphethu zomoya we-cylinder
Lawa amadivaysi alula kakhulu ekwakhiweni, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene.Ngokwesakhiwo, isiphethu somoya esinjalo siqukethe isilinda serabha (igobolondo lentambo yerabha elinezingqimba eziningi, elifana nokwakheka kwamapayipi enjoloba, amathayi, njll.), elihlanganiswe phakathi kwezisekelo zensimbi ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi.Kokusekela okukodwa (imvamisa phezulu) kukhona amapayipi okuphakela kanye nomoya owophayo.
Ngokusho kokwakhiwa kwesilinda, lawa madivayisi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana:
● Umgqomo;
● Izifutho;
● Uthayela.
Emithonjeni yomoya emise okomgqomo, isilinda senziwa ngendlela yesilinda enezindonga eziqondile noma eziyindilinga (ngendlela yesigamu se-torus), lokhu kuyindlela elula.Kumadivayisi we-bellows, isilinda sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, lapho amasongo ebhande atholakala khona.Eziphethwini ezinothayela, isilinda sino-corrugation kubo bonke ubude noma engxenyeni yayo kuphela, singase sibe namasongo ebhande nezinto ezisizayo.
Iziphethu zomoya zohlobo lwe-balloon (bellows).
Isiphethu somoya sohlobo lwe-cylinder sisebenza kalula: lapho umoya ocindezelwe unikezwa, ingcindezi ku-cylinder iyakhuphuka, futhi yelulwe kancane ngobude, okuqinisekisa ukuphakanyiswa kwemoto noma, ngomthwalo omkhulu, ukugcina izinga lohlaka / umzimba ezingeni elinikeziwe.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqina kokumiswa nakho kuyanda.Lapho umoya uphuma ku-cylinder, ingcindezi iyancipha, ngaphansi kwethonya lomthwalo, isilinda sicindezelwe - lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kwezinga lohlaka / umzimba kanye nokuncipha kokuqina kokumiswa.
Ngokuvamile, iziphethu zomoya zalolu hlobo zimane zibizwe ngokuthi iziphethu zomoya.Lezi zingxenye zingasetshenziswa kokubili ngendlela yezingxenye ezizimele zokumisa nokunwebeka, futhi njengengxenye yezinto ezengeziwe - iziphethu (iziphethu ezihlanganisiwe ezinobubanzi obukhulu zitholakala ngaphandle kwesilinda), ama-absorber hydraulic shock (ama-struts anjalo asetshenziswa ezimotweni, ama-SUV kanye nezinye. imishini elula kakhulu), njll.
Imithombo yomoya ye-diaphragm
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwe-air spring:
● I-diaphragm;
● Uhlobo lomkhono we-diaphragm
I-diaphragm air spring iqukethe isisekelo somzimba esiphansi kanye nokusekela okuphezulu, phakathi kwayo kukhona i-diaphragm yentambo yerabha.Ubukhulu bezingxenye bukhethiwe ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye yokwesekwa okuphezulu nge-diaphragm ingangena ngaphakathi kwesisekelo somzimba, lapho umsebenzi walolu hlobo lwemithombo yomoya lusekelwe khona.Lapho umoya ocindezelwe unikezwa endlini, ukusekela okuphezulu kuyakhishwa futhi kuphakamise lonke uhlaka/umzimba wemoto.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqina kokumiswa kuyanda, futhi lapho ushayela ezindaweni ezingalingani zomgwaqo, ukusekela okuphezulu ku-oscillates endizeni eqondile, okudambisa kancane ukushaqeka nokudlidliza.
Iziphethu zomoya zohlobo lwe-balloon (bellows).
I-sleeve-type diaphragm air spring inomklamo ofanayo, kodwa kuwo i-diaphragm ithathelwa indawo umkhono wenjoloba wobude nobubanzi obuningi, ngaphakathi lapho umzimba wesisekelo utholakala khona.Lo mklamo ungashintsha kakhulu ubude bawo, okuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ukuphakama nokuqina kokumiswa phezu kobubanzi obubanzi.Iziphethu zomoya zalo mklamo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekumisweni kwamaloli, zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezizimele ngaphandle kwezakhi ezengeziwe.
Iziphethu zomoya ezihlanganisiwe
Ezingxenyeni ezinjalo, izingxenye ze-diaphragm ne-balloon air springs zihlangene.Ngokuvamile, i-cylinder itholakala engxenyeni engezansi, i-diaphragm iyingxenye engaphezulu, lesi sixazululo sihlinzeka ngomswakama omuhle futhi ikuvumela ukuba ulungise izici zokumiswa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubanzi.Iziphethu zomoya zalolu hlobo zisetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ezimotweni, kaningi zingatholakala ekuthuthweni kwesitimela nasemishinini ekhethekile ehlukahlukene.
i-diaphragm air spring
Indawo ye-air springs ekumisweni kwemoto
Ukumiswa komoya kwakhiwe ngesisekelo semithombo yomoya etholakala ku-axle ngayinye ohlangothini lwamasondo - endaweni efanayo lapho kufakwa khona iziphethu ezijwayelekile ze-longitudinal kanye nama-struts.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye ngohlobo lwemoto kanye nemithwalo yokusebenza, inombolo ehlukile yemithombo yomoya yohlobo olulodwa noma olunye ingatholakala ku-axle eyodwa.
Ezimotweni zabagibeli, iziphethu zomoya ezihlukene azivamile ukusetshenziswa - imvamisa lezi ziyi-struts lapho ama-absorber hydraulic shock ahlanganiswa neziphethu ezivamile, ezivunguzayo noma ezinothayela.Ku-axis eyodwa kunama-racks amabili anjalo, ashintsha ama-rack ajwayelekile ngeziphethu.
Emalolini, iziphethu zomoya owodwa ze-hose nezinhlobo ze-bellows zivame ukusetshenziswa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphethu zomoya ezimbili noma ezine zingafakwa ku-axis eyodwa.Esimweni sokugcina, iziphethu zemikhono zisetshenziswa njengezakhi eziyinhloko ezinwebekayo, ezihlinzeka ngoshintsho ekuphakameni nasekuqineni kokumiswa, kanti imithombo ye-bellows isetshenziswa njengezinto ezisizayo, ezisebenza njengama-dampers futhi zisebenze ukuguqula ukuqina kokumiswa ngaphakathi. imikhawulo ethile.
Imithombo yomoya iyingxenye yokumiswa komoya kukonke.Umoya ocindezelwe unikezwa kulezi zingxenye ngamapayipi avela kubamukeli (amasilinda omoya) ngamavalvu namavalvu, iziphethu zomoya kanye nakho konke ukumiswa kulawulwa kusukela kukhebhu / ingaphakathi lemoto kusetshenziswa izinkinobho ezikhethekile namaswishi.
Indlela yokukhetha, ukufaka esikhundleni nokugcina iziphethu zomoya
Iziphethu zomoya zazo zonke izinhlobo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto zingaphansi kwemithwalo ebalulekile, okuholela ekugqokeni kwazo okujulile futhi kuvame ukuphenduka ukuphuka.Ngokuvamile kufanele sibhekane nokulimala kwamagobolondo enjoloba-intambo, ngenxa yalokho isilinda silahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo.Ukuqhekeka kweziphethu zomoya kubonakaliswa umqulu wemoto lapho ipakwe injini icishiwe kanye nokungakwazi ukulungisa ngokugcwele ukuqina kokumiswa.Ingxenye enesici kufanele ihlolwe futhi ishintshwe.
Intwasahlobo yohlobo olufanayo olwafakwa ngaphambili lusetshenziselwa ukushintshwa - izingxenye ezintsha nezindala kufanele zibe nobukhulu obufanayo bokufaka nezici zokusebenza.Ezimotweni eziningi, kuzodingeka uthenge iziphethu zomoya ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengoba kunconywa ukuthi uguqule izingxenye zombili ku-axle efanayo, noma ngabe eyesibili isebenza kahle.Ukushintshwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yemoto, ngokuvamile lo msebenzi awudingi ukungenelela okubalulekile ekumisweni futhi kungenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okulandelayo kwemoto, iziphethu zomoya kufanele zihlolwe njalo, ziwashwe futhi zihlolwe ukuthi aziqinile yini.Lapho wenza ukunakekelwa okudingekayo, iziphethu zomoya zizosebenza ngokuthembekile, ziqinisekise ukusebenza kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwayo yonke ukumiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023